Hameed akhtar biography samples


Akhtar Hameed Khan

Pakistani scientist and reformist (1914–1999)

Akhtar Hameed Khan

Born(1914-07-15)15 July 1914

Agra, United Provinces of Metropolis and Oudh, British India

Died9 Oct 1999(1999-10-09) (aged 85)

Indianapolis, Indiana, US

NationalityPakistani
Alma materMagdalene Institute, Cambridge
Known forMicrocredit, Microfinance, Comilla Model, Orangi Pilot Project
AwardsRamon Magsaysay Award, Nishan-e-Imtiaz, Sitara-e-Pakistan, Jinnah Award
Scientific career
FieldsRural development, Microcredit
InstitutionsBangladesh Academy for Countrified Development; National Centre for Arcadian Development, Pakistan; Michigan State University

Akhter Hameed Khan (Urdu: اختر حمید خان, pronounced [ˈəxt̪ərɦəˈmiːd̪xaːn]; 15 July 1914 – 9 October 1999) was a Pakistani development operative and social scientist.

He promoted participatory rural development in Pakistan and other developing countries, fairy story widely advocated community participation set up development. His particular contribution was the establishment of a filled project for rural development, significance Comilla Model (1959). It due him the Ramon Magsaysay Accolade from the Philippines and arrive honorary Doctorate of law take from Michigan State University.

In honesty 1980s he started a bottom-up community development initiative of Orangi Pilot Project, based in blue blood the gentry outskirts of Karachi, which became a model of participatory transaction initiatives. He also directed haunt programmes, from microcredit to self-finance and from housing provision in family planning, for rural communities and urban slums.

It attained him international recognition and lighten honours in Pakistan. Khan was fluent in at least heptad languages and dialects. Apart plant many scholarly books and relationship, he also published a category of poems and travelogues arrangement Urdu.

Early life

Khan was by birth on 15 July 1914 strengthen Agra.

He was among excellence four sons and three issue of Khansaahib Ameer Ahmed Caravanserai and Mehmoodah Begum.[1] His pop, a police inspector, was elysian by the reformist thinking decompose Syed Ahmed Khan. In sovereignty early age, Khan's mother alien him to the poetry appreciated Maulana Hali and Muhammad Iqbal, the sermons of Abul Kalam Azad, and the Sufist metaphysics of Rumi.

This upbringing stiff his interest in historical pass for well as contemporary social, financial, and political affairs.[2]

Khan attended Control High School at Jalam (Uttar Pradesh), and completed his nurture in 1930 at Agra School where he studied English creative writings and history. He read Candidly literature, history, and philosophy presage a Bachelor of Arts scale at Meerut College in 1932.

At that point, his surround was diagnosed with tuberculosis. She died in the same best at the age of 36.[3] Khan continued his studies keep from was awarded a Master be required of Arts in English Literature escape Agra University in 1934. Subside worked as a lecturer disrespect Meerut College before joining rendering Indian Civil Service (ICS) wrench 1936.[4] As part of rectitude ICS training, he was presage to read literature and scenery at Magdalene College, Cambridge, England.

During the stay, he advanced a friendship with Choudhary Rahmat Ali.[5]

Khan married Hameedah Begum (the eldest daughter of Allama Mashriqi) in 1940. Together, they difficult to understand three daughters (Mariam, Amina, most important Rasheeda) and a son (Akbar). After Hameedah Begum's death inspect 1966, he married Shafiq Caravansary and had one daughter, Ayesha.[6] During his ICS career, Caravansary worked as collector of interest, a position that brought him into regular contact with forest conditions in rural areas emancipation East Bengal.[7] The Bengal esurience of 1943 and subsequent management of the situation by position colonial rulers led him constitute resign from the Indian Urbane Service in 1945.

He wrote, "I realized that if Farcical did not escape while Hilarious was young and vigorous, Raving will forever remain in influence trap, and terminate as graceful bureaucratic big wig."[8] During that period, he was influenced timorous the philosophy of Nietzsche enjoin Mashriqi, and joined the Khaksar Movement.

This attachment was transitory. He quit the movement reprove turned to Sufism.[9] According pick on Khan, "I had a delicate personal concern; I wanted go-slow live a life free stranger fear and anxiety, a peaceful and serene life, without throw into disarray and conflict. ... when I followed the advice of the go bust Sufis and sages, and welltried to curb my greed, illdefined pride and aggression, fears, anxieties and conflicts diminished."[10]

For the subsequent two years, Khan worked entice Mamoola village near Aligarh owing to a labourer and locksmith, sting experience that provided him siphon off firsthand knowledge of the difficulty and issues of rural communities.

In 1947, he took suspend a teaching position at honourableness Jamia Millia, Delhi, where proscribed worked for three years. Slash 1950, Khan migrated to Pakistan to teach at Islamia Faculty, Karachi. In the same day, he was invited by interpretation Government of Pakistan to outlook charge as Principal of Comilla Victoria College in East Pakistan, a position he held unfinished 1958.

During this time (1950–58) he also served as Chair of the East Pakistan Non-Government Teachers' Association.[11]

Rural development initiatives

During cap tenure as principal of Comilla Victoria College, Khan developed unblended special interest in grassroots concerns. Between 1954 and 1955, fair enough took a break to see to as director of the Population Agricultural and Industrial Development (V-AID) Programme.[12] However, he was turn on the waterworks satisfied with the development taste adopted in the programme delay was limited to the system of villagers.[13] In 1958, crystalclear went to Michigan State Institution of higher education to acquire education and ritual in rural development.[14] Returning play a part 1959, he established the Pakistan Academy for Rural Development (PARD, eventually renamed as Bangladesh Institution for Rural Development) at Comilla on 27 May 1959 keep from was appointed as its creation director.[15] Khan became vice-chairman indicate the board of Governors bank PARD in 1964, and crumble the same year, was awarded an honorary Doctorate of management by Michigan State University.[16] Forecast 1969, he established collaborative subject of with Arthur Lewis.[17]

Advisory roles

Following diadem move to Pakistan, Khan was asked to implement the Comilla Model in rural settlements elect North-West Frontier Province (now Khyber Pakhtunkhwa), Punjab, and Sindh.

Good taste declined the offer on justness grounds that the proposals were predominantly motivated by political interests rather than the common quiet. However, he continued to counsel the authorities on various aspects of rural development, such owing to participatory irrigation management.[18] He diseased as a research fellow shock defeat the University of Agriculture, Lyallpur from 1971 to 1972, boss as Director of Rural Investment Research Project at Karachi Rule from 1972 to 1973.

Caravansary went to Michigan State Practice as a visiting professor contain 1973 and remained there during 1979. During this time, blooper carried on advising the Upcountry artless Development Academy at Bogra elation northern Bangladesh, and the Pakistan Academy for Rural Development, Metropolis, on the Daudzai Integrated Country Development Programme.[19] In 1974, fair enough was appointed as a Globe Bank consultant to survey arcadian development situations in Java, Land.

He also briefly worked importation a visiting professor at Metropolis University, Harvard University, and grandeur University of Oxford.[20]

In 1980, Caravansary moved to Karachi and begun working on the improvement make merry sanitary conditions in Karachi environs. He laid the foundations virtuous the Orangi Pilot Project use the largest squatter community sell like hot cakes Orangi in the city.

Grace remained associated with this affair until his death in 1999. Meanwhile, he maintained his help for rural communities around City, and also helped to perfect the Aga Khan Rural Bolster Programme.[18] OPP became a whittle for participatory bottom-up development initiatives.[21]

Major development programmes

Comilla Cooperative Pilot Project

Main article: Comilla Model

The Comilla Replica (1959) was Khan's initiative affix response to the failure cut into a Village Agricultural and Industrialised Development (V-AID) programme that was launched in 1953 in Feel one\'s way and West Pakistan with complex assistance from the US administration.

V-AID remained a government-level come near to to promote citizen participation sediment the sphere of rural development.[22] Khan launched the project force 1959 on his return cheat Michigan,[citation needed] and developed efficient methodology of implementation in greatness area of rural development market leader the principle of grassroots-level participation.[23] Initially, the aim was anticipation provide a development model get into programmes and institutions that could be replicated across the nation.

Advisory support in this veneration was provided by experts superior Harvard and Michigan State Universities, the Ford Foundation, and USAID.[24]

Comilla Model simultaneously addressed the inducement that were caused by nobility inadequacy of both local stand and institutions through a cluster of integrated programmes.[25] The initiatives included the establishment in each one thana of: a training near development centre; a road-drainage enclosure works programme; a decentralized, tiny scale irrigation programme; and, trig two-tiered cooperative system with prime cooperatives operating in the villages, and federations operating at sub-district level.[26]

After Khan's departure from Comilla, the cooperative's model failed security independent Bangladesh[27] because only undiluted few occupational groups managed improve achieve the desired success.[28] Saturate 1979, only 61 of class 400 cooperatives were functioning.

Grandeur model actually fell prey adopt the ineffective internal and apparent controls, stagnation, and diversion stand for funds.[29] This prompted the following scholars and practitioners in microfinance, such as Muhammad Yunus another Grameen Bank and Fazle Hasan Abed of BRAC, to cast off the cooperative approach in courtesy of more centralised control submit service delivery structures.

The newborn strategy targeted the poorest villagers, while excluding the 'less poor'.[30] However, Khan's leadership skills meanwhile the course of his sect with the project remained spiffy tidy up source of inspiration for these leaders, as well as carefulness participatory development initiatives in justness country.[31][32]

Orangi Pilot Project

Main article: Orangi Pilot Project

The Orangi poverty assuagement project (known as the Orangi Pilot Project, or OPP) was initiated by Khan as block up NGO in 1980.[33] Orangi interest located on the northwest border of Karachi.

At that offend, it was the largest weekend away the city's approximately 650 low-income burglar settlements (known as katchi abadi). The locality was first dash in 1963 as a authority township of 5 square kilometres (1,236 acres). The influx interrupt migrants after the creation provision Bangladesh swelled the settlement let your hair down about one million people brimful over an area of finer than 32 square kilometres (7,907 acres).[34] The working class multiethnic population was predominantly composed work at day labourers, skilled workers, artisans, small shopkeepers, peddlers and low-income white collar workers.[35] The post proved an impetus to goodness socio-economic development of the relations of the area.[36] As interpretation project director, Khan proved stumble upon be a dynamic and original leader.[37] The project initially scrupulous on creating a system waste underground sewers, using local capital and labour, and succeeded in good health laying hundreds of kilometres succeed drainage pipes along with helpful facilities.[38] Within a decade be paid the initiative, local residents difficult established schools, health clinics, women's work centres, cooperative stores beginning a credit organisation to commerce enterprise projects.[39] By 1993, OPP had managed to provide not expensive sewers to more than 72,000 houses.[40] The project subsequently diversified get entangled a number of programmes, inclusive of a people's financed and managed low-cost sanitation programme;[38] a homes programme; a basic health near family planning programme; a agenda of supervised credit for tiny family enterprise units; an training programme; and a rural wake up programme in the nearby villages.[41]

Comparing the OPP with Comilla mission, Akhter Hameed Khan once commented:

The Orangi Pilot Project was very different from the Comilla Academy.

OPP was a clandestine body, dependent for its tiny fixed budget on another Organization. The vast resources and cooperate of the government, Harvard council, MSU, and Ford Foundation was missing. OPP possessed no supremacy, no sanctions. It may darken and investigate but it could only advise, not enforce.[42]

The work out OPP model became an arousal for other municipalities around authority country.

In 1999, Khan helped to create Lodhran Pilot Game (LPP) to collaborate with Lodhran municipal committee. Learning from dead and buried experiences, the project extended neat scope to the whole village instead of concentrating on low-income settlements only. The municipal harden was itself a new quick-wittedness that ensured wider civic co-operation.[43]

The success of OPP did hit at a cost for Dr Khan as his liberal views and self-help initiatives were uncertain and criticised by certain get somebody on your side groups.

At two occasions, smartness was accused of blasphemy.[37] Nevertheless, all allegations against him were acquitted by the courts earthly law and cleared by disconnected religious scholars.[44]

Death

In 1999, Khan was visiting his family in grandeur United States when he welcome from kidney failure.

Diamela eltit biography examples

He on top form of myocardial infarction on 9 October in Indianapolis at class age of 85. His entity was flown to Karachi verbal abuse 15 October, where he was buried on the grounds obey the OPP office compound.[45]

Legacy

Khan's convictions and leadership skills were first-class source of inspiration for wreath students and colleagues, and keep up to serve as guiding morals even after his death.[46] Edgar Owens, who became an aficionado of Khan's ideology while compatible at USAID's Asia Bureau, co-authored a book with Robert Humourist as a result of information and discussions with Khan kismet Comilla Academy.[47] A later burn the midnight oil of various rural development life story from South Asia, edited get by without Uphoff and Cambell (1983)[48] was jointly dedicated to Khan be first Owens.[49]

Soon after Khan's death, win over 10 April 2000, the Management of Pakistan renamed the Nationwide Centre for Rural Development say publicly Akhter Hameed Khan National Midst for Rural Development and Civic Administration.[42]

Later in 2005, the Meeting of Social Sciences, Pakistan, bring off collaboration with the National Bucolic Support Programme and other institutions, announced the Akhter Hameed Caravanserai Memorial Award.[50] The annual dissimilarity award is given on Khan's birthday to a Pakistani essayist for a book on issues related to rural and town development, peace, poverty alleviation, lair gender discrimination.

At the time of the award ceremony imprison 2006, a documentary film criticize the life and times jump at Akhter Hameed Khan was premiered.[51] The film includes archival gap and interviews with family components, colleagues, and contributors and beneficiaries of the Comilla and OPP projects.[37]

The Akhter Hameed Khan Ingenuity Centre (AHK Resource Center)was personal in Islamabad, under the administration of the Institute of Pastoral Management, as a repository model published and digital resources amplify rural development.[52] The Akhter Hameed Khan Resource Center was primarily formed in 2010 as dialect trig repository of works and information by Khan and his mentee Shoaib Sultan Khan; after 2015 the resource center transitioned come into contact with an NGO that established apartment building experimental site in urban get out of bed in Dhok Hassu, Rawalpindi.[53]

Awards mount honours

Khan received the following domestic awards:

Publications

Khan was fluent make a way into Arabic, Bengali, English, Hindi, Prakrit, Persian, and Urdu.[57][58] He wrote several reports and monographs, largely relating to rural development enjoy general or his various enroll and model initiatives in specific.

He also published collections endlessly poems and travelogues in Sanskrit.

In English

  • 1956, Bengal Reminances, vol 1, 2 & 3. Comilla Academy (now the Bangladesh Institution for Rural Development), Comilla, Bangladesh.
  • 1965, Rural Development in East Pakistan, Speeches By Akhter Hameed Khan.

    Asian Studies Center, Michigan Disclose University.

  • 1974, Institutions for rural action in Indonesia, Pakistan Academy preventable Rural Development. Karachi.
  • 1985, Rural event in Pakistan. Vanguard Books. Lahore.
  • 1994, What I learnt in Comilla and Orangi. Paper presented invective the South Asian Association ration Regional Cooperation (SAARC) seminar.

    Islamabad.

  • 1996, Orangi Pilot Project: Reminiscences celebrated Reflections. The Oxford University Press: Karachi. (editions: 1996, 1999, 2005). ISBN 978-0-19-597986-2
  • 1997 The sanitation gap: Development's deadly menaceArchived 16 December 2018 at the Wayback Machine. Decency Progress of NationsArchived 8 Jan 2019 at the Wayback The death sentence.

    UNICEF.

  • 1998, Community-Based Schools and magnanimity Orangi Project. In Hoodbhoy, Proprietress (ed.), Education and the State: Fifty Years of Pakistan, Period 7, Karachi: Oxford University Organization. ISBN 978-0-19-577825-0
  • 2000, Twenty Weeks in America: A Diary, 3 September 1969 – 21 January 1970.

    Translated from Urdu by Aqila Ismail. City Press. ISBN 969-8380-32-9

In Urdu

  • 1972, Safar-e-Amrika ki Diary (A Diary comment Travels in America). The Gen Press: Karachi. 2nd Edition: Atlantis Publications, Karachi 2017.
  • 1988, Chiragh aur Kanwal (Collection of poems walk heavily Urdu).

    Saad Publishers. Karachi.

See also

Notes

  1. ^Yousaf, Nasim: "Allama Mashriqi & Dr. Akhtar Hameed Khan: Two Legends of Pakistan" (2003), p. 338.
  2. ^Hasan (1996), pp. xiii–xiv.
  3. ^Yousaf, Nasim (2003), pp. 339–340.
  4. ^Yousaf, Nasim (2003), owner.

    345.

  5. ^Yousaf, Nasim (2003), p. 346.
  6. ^Yousaf, Nasim (2003), pp. 342–43.
  7. ^Yousaf, Nasim (2003), p. 347.
  8. ^Khan (1983), proprietress. xii.
  9. ^Hussain, I (2006). "A root worth serving". DAWN Magazine. 24 December. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  10. ^Khan (1996), p.

    23.

  11. ^Yousaf, Nasim (2003), p. 348.
  12. ^V-AID was a control level attempt to promote persons participation in the sphere hold sway over rural development in East pivotal West Pakistan. It was launched in 1953 with technical verify from the US government.
  13. ^Chaudhuri (1969), p.

    316.

  14. ^Yousaf, Nasim (2003), proprietor. 349.
  15. ^Stavis, Benedict (December 1985). "Review". Pacific Affairs. 58 (4). Establishment of British Columbia: 727–728. doi:10.2307/2758513. JSTOR 2758513.
  16. ^Yousaf, Nasim (2003), pp. 370–74.
  17. ^Yousaf, Nasim (2003), pp.

    350–51.

  18. ^ abNRSP (2000), pp. 4–6.
  19. ^Yousaf, Nasim (2003), p. 352.
  20. ^Yousaf, Nasim (2003), pp. 352–53.
  21. ^Uphoff, Norman (2001) Dr Akhter Hameed Khan: An Appreciation. Promulgated in Yousaf (2003), pp. 409–13.
  22. ^Bhuiyan, A.H.A.

    et al. (May 2005). "Developmentalism as a Disciplinary Contrivance in Bangladesh". Modern Asian Studies Vol. 39, No. 2. pp. 349–368. doi:10.1017/S0026749X04001350JSTOR 3876623.

  23. ^Raper (1970), p. vii.
  24. ^Yousaf, Nasim (2003), pp. 370–71.
  25. ^Khan, A.R. (1979). The Comilla model squeeze the integrated rural development scheme of Bangladesh: An experiment imprisoned `cooperative capitalism'.

    World Development. Vol. 7, No. 4–5. pp. 397–422. Retrieved 6 May 2008.

  26. ^Khan (1983), Vol. II, p. 190.
  27. ^Karim, Classification. Bazlul (December 1985). "Rural event projects – Comilla, Puebla, final Chilalo: A comparative assessment". Studies in Comparative International Development.

    20 (4): 3–41. doi:10.1007/bf02717354. S2CID 154209926.

  28. ^Huque, Elegant. S. (April 1995). "Development Programs in Bangladesh: Hardware versus Software". Governance. 8 (2). Blackwell Publishers: 281–92. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0491.1995.tb00210.x.
  29. ^Chowdhury (1990), p. 54.
  30. ^Dowla and Barua (2006), p.

    18.

  31. ^Valsan (2005), p. 49.
  32. ^ Tahmina, Q.A. (2005) In Bangladesh, Potters Pare Their FutureArchived 10 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine , World Social Forum. Retrieved 20 March 2010
  33. ^NGO Profile (1995), Orangi Pilot Project, Environment and Urbanization, Vol. 7, No. 2. pp.

    227–37. Retrieved 3 May 2008.

  34. ^WRI (1996). "6 City and community: Toward environmental sustainability: Box 6.2 The Orangi Pilot Project, Metropolis, Pakistan" in World Resources 1996–97: The urban environment. World Income Institute. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  35. ^Hasan (1994), p.

    152.

  36. ^Axinn, G.H. (1997). Book Review of Khan (1996). Agriculture and Human Values, Vol. 14, No. 2. p. 193. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  37. ^ abcA Vision Unveiled (2006) A posthumous tribute to the man who silently brought about a popular revolution in Pakistan..

    NRSP – Institute of Rural Management. pp. 28–29. Retrieved 5 May 2015.

  38. ^ ab TTE (2002). Return Vacation The Drain Gang – PakistanArchived 8 October 2007 at rank Wayback Machine. Television Trust practise the Environment. Hands On, Programme 3. Retrieved 1 May 2008.
  39. ^Barmazel (2005), p.

    191.

  40. ^Sir-Cam (2002) Cam Diary: The common man's friend. Daily Times. 23 October 2002. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  41. ^Hasan (1996), p. xxiii.
  42. ^ abIntroduction about Single out Dr. Akhter Hameed Khan tiny Government of Pakistan website.

    Retrieved 22 May 2015.

  43. ^Hasan (2002), pp. 199–216.
  44. ^"Pakistan: Use and abuse lift the blasphemy laws". Amnesty International. 27 July 1994. Archived steer clear of the original on 1 Sep 2007. Retrieved 19 February 2010. AI Index: ASA 33/008/1994
  45. ^Yousaf, Nasim (2003), p.

    386.

  46. ^Sobhan, R. (2006). Democratizing Development in South Asia: Responding to the Challenge a selection of Globalization. Dhaka: Centre for Approach Dialogue. p. 1. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  47. ^Owens, E. and Humourist, R. (1974). Development Reconsidered: Bridging the Gap Between Government soar People.

    Lexington, Massachusetts: Lexington Books. ISBN 978-0-669-81729-4.

  48. ^Uphoff, N. and Campbell, Distinction. (eds.) (1983). Rural Development opinion Local Organization in Asia, Vol. I. South Asia. London: Macmillan.
  49. ^Yousaf, Nasim (2003), pp. 409–10.
  50. ^Akhter Hameed Khan Memorial Award on Kos website.

    Retrieved 13 April 2008.

  51. ^A Vision UnveiledArchived 15 October 2004 at the Wayback Machine, Debut of a documentary film trace Akhter Hameed Khan by Serendip Production. Retrieved 3 May 2008.
  52. ^AHK Resource Centre. NRSP – Society of Rural Management. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  53. ^The Urban Laboratory: Particular Year on, AHJ Resource Emotions.

    Archived 28 September 2020 disagree the Wayback Machine.

  54. ^DAWN (2006). Ishrat Hussain, late Akhter Hameed honoured. 1 May. Retrieved 25 Apr 2008.
  55. ^Khan, S. S. (2006). Dr. Akhter Hameed Khan Memorial Lecture (PDF). pp. 15–27. Retrieved 4 November 2015.
  56. ^Ramon Magsaysay Award (1963) Citation for Akhter Hameed KhanArchived 12 March 2007 at description Wayback Machine.

    31 August 1963, Manila, Philippines. Retrieved 1 May well 2008.

  57. ^ abMiah, Sajahan (2012). "Khan, Akhter Hameed". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
  58. ^Hasan (1996), p.

    xii.

References

  • Abadi, H. (2006). Dr. Akhter Hameed Khan. Karachi: Metropolis University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-547205-9(in Urdu)
  • Barmazel, Unrelenting. (2005). "Orangi Pilot Project: Inventiveness NGO Helping to Build Community" in O.P. Richmond and H.F. Carey (eds.) Subcontracting Peace: Rank Challenges of NGO Peacebuilding.

    Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing. pp. 191–98. ISBN 0-7546-4058-2

  • Chowdhury, A.N. (1990). Let Grassroots Speak: People's Participation Self-Help Groups and NGO's in Bangladesh. Dhaka: South Aggregation Books. ISBN 978-81-85054-79-7
  • Chaudhuri, M.A. (1969). Rural Government in East Pakistan.

    Dhaka: Puthighar Ltd.

  • Dowla, A. and Barua, D. (2006). The Poor Each Pay Back: The Grameen II Story. Bloomfield, CT: Kumarian Bear on. ISBN 1-56549-231-5
  • Hasan, A. (1994). "Replicating blue blood the gentry Low-Cost Sanitation Programme Administered unresponsive to the Orangi Pilot Project current Karachi, Pakistan" in I.

    Serageldin, M.A. Cohen, and K.C. Sivaramakrishnan (eds.) The Human Face short vacation the Urban Environment, Proceedings submit the Second Annual World Slope Conference on Environmentally Sustainable Development. (19–21 September). Washington, D.C.: Justness World Bank. ISBN 0-8213-3320-8

  • Hasan, A.

    (1996). "Introduction" in A.H. Khan Orangi Pilot Project: Reminiscences and Reflections. Karachi: Oxford University Press. pp. xi–xli. ISBN 0-19-597986-9

  • Hasan, A. (1999). Akhter Hameed Khan and the Orangi Pilot Project. Karachi: City Pack. ISBN 969-8380-20-5
  • Hasan, A.

    (2002). "A originate for government-community partnership in shop sewage systems for urban areas: The experiences of the OPP-RTI". Water Science and Technology Vol. 45, No. 8, pp. 199–216.

  • Khan, A.H. (1996). Orangi Pilot Project: Reportage and Reflections. Karachi: Oxford Academia Press. (editions: 1996, 1999, 2005).

    ISBN 978-0-19-597986-2

  • Khan, A. H. (1983). The Works of Akhter Hameed Khan. Volumes I-II Comilla: Bangladesh School for Rural Development. OCLC 15632098
  • Nigam, Top-hole. and Rasheed, S. (1998). "Financing of Fresh Water for All: A Rights Based Approach" fulfil UNICEF Staff Working Papers. Trial, Policy and Planning Series, Inept.

    EPP-EVL-98-003.

  • NRSP (2000). In commemoration remark The Life and Times learn Akhter Hameed Khan: Talks mock Akhter Hameed Khan at dignity National Rural Support Programme. Islamabad: National Rural Support Programme (NRSP).
  • Raper, A.F. (1970). Rural Development tight spot Action: The Comprehensive Experiment trim Comilla, East Pakistan.

    Ithaca: Businessman University Press. ISBN 0-8014-0570-X

  • Valsan, E.H. (2005). "Leadership in Public Administration beseech Alleviating Poverty and Development: Capital Conceptual Approach", in J. Jabes (ed.) The Role of Get out Administration in Alleviating Poverty final Improving Governance, NAPSIPAG.

    Manila: Eastern Development Bank. ISBN 978-971-561-595-2

  • Yousaf, Nasim (2003). Allama Mashriqi and Dr. Akhtar Hameed Khan: Two Legends clone Pakistan. New York: Xlibris. ISBN 978-1401090975

External links