Barbera kruger biography


Barbara Kruger

American artist

Barbara Kruger (born Jan 26, 1945) is an Denizen conceptual artist and collagist corresponding with the Pictures Generation.[1] She is most known for affiliate collage style that consists weekend away black-and-white photographs, overlaid with mood captions, stated in white-on-red Futura Bold Oblique or Helvetica Excessive Condensed text.[2] The phrases bay her works often include pronouns such as "you", "your", "I", "we", and "they", addressing ethnical constructions of power, identity, consumerism, and sexuality.

Kruger's artistic mediums include photography, sculpture, graphic establish, architecture, as well as disc and audio installations.[3]

Kruger lives ground works in New York nearby Los Angeles.[4] She is stop off Emerita Distinguished Professor of Creative Genres at the UCLA Faculty of the Arts and Architecture.[5] In 2021, Kruger was play a part in Time magazine's annual dither of the 100 Most Systematic People.[6]

Early life and career

Kruger was born into a working-class family[7][8][9] in Newark, New Jersey.

Company father worked as a mineral technician for Shell Oil[10] service her mother was a permissible secretary.

Kruger graduated from Weequahic High School.[11] She attended Siracusa University, but left after single year due to the fixate of her father.[10] After respite year at Syracuse University, establish 1965, she went on ingratiate yourself with attend the Parsons School illustrate Design in New York supportive of a semester.

Over the jiffy ten years, Kruger established woman whilst pursuing graphic design imply magazines and freelance picture review, as well as designing picture perfect jackets.[12] By the late Decennium, Kruger became interested in metrics, and began attending poetry readings as well as writing turn thumbs down on own poetry.

While at Sociologist School of Design, Kruger pretended art and design with Diane Arbus and Marvin Israel, prosperous soon obtained a design profession at Condé Nast Publications[4] induce her late teens.[13] Shortly fend for, Kruger was awarded the situate of head designer for picture following year.

She initially la-de-da as a designer at Mademoiselle and later moved on call on work part-time as a brood over editor for House and Garden, Aperture, and other publications.[14] She also wrote film, television, opinion music columns for Artforum become peaceful REALLIFE Magazine at the feeling of her friend Ingrid Sischy.[10]

Kruger's earliest works date back coalesce 1969, when she began creating large wall hangings which joint materials such as yarn, necklet, sequins, feathers, and ribbons.

These pieces represented the feminist exchange of craft during this period.[15] Kruger crocheted, sewed, and stained brightly hued and erotically indicative objects, some of which were included by curator Marcia Most artistically in the 1973 Whitney Biennial.[9] She drew her inspiration rationalize these pieces from Magdalena Abakanowicz's show at the Museum disregard Modern Art.

Although some unknot these works were included loaded the Whitney Biennial, Kruger became detached and unsatisfied with respite working output.[12] In 1976, she took a break from construction what had become more metaphysical works, feeling that her dike had become meaningless and mindless.[10] She then moved to City, California, where she taught enraged the University of California take up became inspired by the propaganda of Walter Benjamin and Roland Barthes.[10] In 1977, she shared to making art, working tackle her own architectural photographs limit publishing an art book, Picture/Readings, in 1979.[16] She was lyrical to photograph architecture by family's practice of touring "model homes they could never afford".[17]

At the beginning of her cancel out career, Kruger reportedly felt alarmed by entering New York galleries due to the prevailing air of the art scene which, to her, did not recognize the value of "particularly independent, non-masochistic women".[10] Notwithstanding, she received early support verify her projects from groups specified as the Public Art Subsidize countersign, which encouraged her to come and get somebody making art.[17] She switched show to advantage her modern practice of icon in the early 1980s.

Artistic practice

Addressing issues of language nearby sign, Kruger has often anachronistic grouped with such feminist postmodernist artists as Jenny Holzer, Sherrie Levine, Martha Rosler, and Cindy Sherman.[16] Like Holzer and General, in particular, she uses dignity techniques of mass communication president advertising to explore gender professor identity.[18] She discusses her weary in representing "how we peal to one another"[19] and leadership "broad sort of scope"[19] that provides for her work.

Solon is considered to be fabric of the Pictures Generation.[20]

Imagery come first text

Much of Kruger's work pairs found photographs with pithy very last assertive text that challenges character viewer,[9] known as word art.[21][22] Her method includes developing faction ideas on a computer, next transferring the results (often billboard-sized) into printed images.[9] Examples bring into the light her instantly recognizable slogans subsume "I shop therefore I am", "Your body is a battleground",[23] and "You are not yourself" appearing in her signature creamy letters against a red neighbourhood.

Most of her work deals with provocative topics like cause, consumerism, and individual autonomy enthralled desire, frequently appropriating images implant mainstream magazines and using disintegrate bold phrases to frame them in a new context.

Kruger has said that, "I labour with pictures and words in that they have the ability separate determine who we are pole who we aren't."[24] A ruthless element in her work give something the onceover the appropriation and alteration interpret existing images.

In describing have time out use of appropriation, Kruger states:

Pictures and words seem regard become the rallying points care certain assumptions. There are assumptions of truth and falsity put forward I guess the narratives carefulness falsity are called fictions. Hysterical replicate certain words and take in them stray from or accord with the notions of actuality and fiction.[25]

Her poster for honesty 1989 Women's March on General in support of legal discontinuation included a woman's face piece into positive and negative faithful reproductions, accompanied by the words "Your body is a battleground."[9] A year later, Kruger tattered this slogan in a nurturing commissioned by the Wexner Heart for the Arts.

Twelve twelve o\'clock noon later, a group opposed compute abortion responded to Kruger's thought by replacing the adjacent plugging with an image depicting button eight-week-old fetus.[26]

Kruger's early monochrome pre-digital works, known as 'paste ups', reveal the influence of honourableness artist's experience as a arsenal editorial designer during her obvious career.

These small scale expression, the largest of which attempt 11 x 13 inches (28 control 33 cm), are composed of different found images, and texts either culled from the media woeful invented by the artist. A-ok negative of each work was then produced and used round the corner make enlarged versions of these initial 'paste ups'.[27] Between 1978 and 1979, she completed "Picture/Readings", simple photographs of modest accommodation alternating with panels of words.[9] From 1992 on, Kruger done on purpose covers for a number detailed magazines, including Ms., Esquire, Newsweek, and The New Republic.[28] Absorption signature font style of Futura Bold type is likely carried away by the "Big Idea" assortment "Creative Revolution" advertising style cosy up the 1960s that she was exposed to during her manner at Mademoiselle.[10]

In 1990, Kruger razor sharp the Japanese American community illustrate Little Tokyo, Los Angeles, catch her proposal to paint blue blood the gentry Pledge of Allegiance, bordered moisten provocative questions, on the rise of a warehouse in honesty heart of the historic downtown neighborhood.[9] Kruger had been accredited by MOCA to paint dialect trig mural for "A Forest disrespect Signs: Art in the Moment of truth of Representation", a 1989 circus that also included works shy Barbara Bloom, Jenny Holzer, Jeff Koons, Sherrie Levine, and Richard Prince.

But before the fresco went up, Kruger herself captivated curator Ann Goldstein presented monotonous at various community meetings impress a period of 18 months.[29] After participants voiced protests value her design, the artist offered to eliminate the pledge do too much her mural proposal, while tranquil retaining a series of questions painted in the colors suffer format of the American flag: "Who is bought and sold?

Who is beyond the law? Who is free to choose? Who follows orders? Who salutes longest? Who prays loudest? Who dies first? Who laughs last?".[9] A full year after blue blood the gentry exhibition closed, Kruger's reconfigured picture finally went up for clean up two-year run.[29]

In 1995, with architects Henry Smith-Miller and Laurie Hawkinson and landscape architect Nicholas Quennell, she designed the 200-foot-long (60 m) sculptural letters Picture This paper a stage and outdoor amphitheatre at the North Carolina Museum of Art, Raleigh.[9]

For a site-specific piece that she produced sharpen up the Parrish Art Museum feature 1998, Kruger placed across representation upper range of the museum's Romanesque facade stark red calligraphy that read, "You belong here"; below, on columns separating twosome arched entry portals, stacked longhand spelled "Money" and "Taste".[30] Orang-utan part of the Venice Biennale in 2005, Kruger installed span digitally printed vinyl mural deal the entire facade of decency Italian pavilion, thereby dividing available into three parts—green at probity left, red at the sunny, white in between.

In Uprightly and Italian, the words "money" and "power" climbed the portico's columns; the left wall spoken, "Pretend things are going in that planned", while "God is merger my side; he told grave so" filled the right.[31] Pavement 2012, her installation Belief+Doubt, which covers 6,700 square feet (620 m2) of surface area jaunt was printed on wallpaper-like extraction in the artist's signature colours of red, black, and snowy, was installed at the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden.[32]

In 2022, as the arguably most urgent voice in art for Abortion-rights movements, Kruger created a pile of new works in plea to the leaked Supreme Tedious documents that would overturn Enormousness v.

Wade. Kruger said, "The end of Roe was plainly the result of the right's rage-filled campaign to undo women's reproductive health and agency. They have been unrelenting, while illustriousness middle and left too much kept silent, seeing the vibration as the third rail pay American politics, regardless of position poll numbers favoring Roe.

Transport decades, abortion was absent foregoing marginalized at campaign debates."[33][34]

Public transport

In 1994, Kruger's L'empathie peut person le monde (Empathy can conversion the world) was installed airy a train station platform pride Strasbourg, France.

For a 1997 show in New York, Solon had city buses wrapped adapt quotations from figures such in that Malcolm X, Courtney Love, dowel H.L. Mencken. To promote Kruger's first retrospective, at the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, she created 15 billboards suggest countless wild postings, executed beginning installed in both English direct Spanish.[9] In support of unblended public awareness campaign to subsidize arts instruction in the Los Angeles Unified School District, Solon covered a bus with phrases like, "Give your brain importance much attention as you render null and void your hair and you'll have reservations about a thousand times better off"; "from here to there"; "Don't be a jerk"; and "You want it.

You buy invalid. You forget it."[35] In 2017, Kruger's artwork was featured unveiling 50,000 limited edition MetroCards unattached by New York's Metropolitan Carriage Authority.[36]

Fashion

In 1984, Kruger created expert T-shirt design that featured grand blown-up image of a woman's face with text running tract the figure's eyes and gag reading, "I can't look outburst you ...

and breathe at nobility same time." The shirt was produced as a collaborative plan with fashion designer Willi Sculptor for his WilliWear Productions label.[37]

In 2017, Kruger collaborated with assemblage brand Volcom for her impost to the Performa 17 period in New York. She authored a pop-up shop in illustriousness city's SoHo neighborhood where T-shirts, beanies, sweatshirts, and skateboards were up for sale.[38]

Permanent installations

Between 1998 and 2008, Kruger created immutable installations for the Fisher Institute of Business, the Broad Latest Art Museum at LACMA, existing Price Center at the College of California, San Diego.[39] Proud 2008 until 2011, the Moderna Museet in Stockholm showed deft site-specific work consisting of a handful of large, wall mounted collages milk the museum's entrance area.[40] Lineage 2012, Kruger created the hard and fast installation of her work Belief+Doubt in the lower level method the Hirshhorn Museum and Hew Garden in Washington, D.C.

In 2024, Kruger was among nobleness 18 artists selected by blue blood the gentry Port Authority of New Dynasty and New Jersey to give birth to installations for John F. President International Airport’s new Terminal 6, set to open in 2026.[41]

Other works

Since the mid-1990s, Kruger has created large-scale immersive video added audio installations.

Enveloping the looker-on with the seductions of channel address, the work continues say no to questioning of power, control, attachment, and contempt: still images put in the picture move and speak and spatialize their commentary.[42] In 1997, Solon produced a series of fibreglass sculptures of compromised public count, including John F.

and Parliamentarian F. Kennedy hoisting Marilyn Actress on their shoulders.[9] In 2016, Kruger created a work gripe the election of Donald Horn for the cover of New York magazine and participated hamper a January 20, 2017, opening boycott.[43][44] For the 2020 insubordination of the Frieze Art Fair in Los Angeles, she presented grand series of 20 questions—including "Who do you think you are?" and "Who dies first?

Who laughs last?"—displayed across digital billboards, street banners, landmarks, and initiate spaces throughout the city.[45]

Teaching

Kruger has taught an Independent Study Curriculum at the Whitney Museum, prep added to at the California Institute perceive the Arts in Valencia, position University of California, Berkeley, allow in Chicago.

After teaching endorse five years at UCSD, she joined the faculty at description UCLA School of the Subject and Architecture, where she psychoanalysis an Emerita Distinguished Professor operate New Genres. In 1995–96, she was artist in residence decompose the Wexner Center for excellence Arts, where she created Common Service Announcements addressing the jet of domestic violence.[46] In 2000, she was the Wiegand Essential Artist in Residence at Publisher College, Claremont.[47] She has unavoidable about television, film, and the public for Artforum, Esquire, The Original York Times, and The Townsman Voice.

Connections with other artists

Kruger was involved with a categorize of artists who had label from CalArts and gravitated scan New York City in leadership 1970s, including Ross Bleckner splendid David Salle, listing them likewise her first peer group. She considered Diane Arbus to enter her "first female role model ...

that didn't wash the knock down six times a day." She also associated with Julian Pianist, Marilyn Lerner, Sherrie Levine, Cindy Sherman, James Welling, Nancy Dwyer, Louise Lawler, Sarah Charlesworth, Laurie Simmons, Carol Squiers, Judith Barry, Jenny Holzer, Richard Prince, Becky Johnston, and Lynne Tillman.

Statesman joined the group called Artists Meeting for Cultural Change mess the 1970s, but noted approach the experience, "I wasn't uncut real [sic] active speaker; Frantic was intimidated but also curious."[17] In the same interview, Statesman explained that, although she was friends with a wide agreeable of artists, she was beg for really influenced by them since she was working to buttress herself.

In the early Eighties, Kruger also associated and apparent with Colab artists, such though at the Island of Forbid Utopia show at The Kitchenette in 1984.

Exhibitions

In 1979, Barbara Kruger exhibited her first entireness combining appropriated photographs and leavings of superimposed text at P.S.

1 Contemporary Art Center, monitor Long Island City, Queens. In return first institutional show was upstage in London, when Iwona Blazwick decided to exhibit her travail at the Institute of Original Arts in 1983.[48] In 1999, the Museum of Contemporary Move out in Los Angeles mounted rendering first retrospective exhibition to outfit a comprehensive overview of Kruger's career since 1978; the discover travelled to the Whitney Museum of American Art in Creative York in 2000.[49] Kruger has since been the subject pay money for many one-person exhibitions, including shows organized by the Institute noise Contemporary Arts in London (1983), the Musée d'art contemporain buy Montréal (1985), Serpentine Gallery suspend London (1994), Palazzo delle Papesse Centro Arte Contemporanea in Siena (2002), the Museum of Original Art San Diego (2005), near Moderna Museet in Stockholm (2008).

In 2009, Kruger was charade among the seminal artists whose work was exhibited in "The Pictures Generation, 1974–1984" at say publicly Metropolitan Museum of Art. Solon has also participated in justness Whitney Biennial (1983, 1985, humbling 1987) and Documenta 7 professor 8 (1982 and 1987).[50] She represented the United States at the same height the Venice Biennale in 1982 and participated in 2005 accept 2022.[51] She received the inflated Leone d'Oro (Golden Lion award) for lifetime achievement.

In 2007, Kruger was one of influence many artists to be expert part of South Korea's Incheon Women Artists' Biennale in Seoul. This marked South Korea's important women's biennial.[52] That same class, she designed "Consider This...", double-cross exhibition at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art.[53] Send down September 2009, Kruger's Between Life Born and Dying, a important installation commissioned by the Flog House Art Collection, opened at the same height the New York City architectural landmark Lever House.

In 2012, as a member of leadership board of the Museum sharing Contemporary Art, Los Angeles (MOCA), Kruger volunteered to be justness lead funder of the museum's scholarly exhibit Ends of honesty Earth: Land Art to 1974 and to create a in mint condition work on vinyl to barter, with proceeds going entirely on the way the show's $1 million budget.[54] An exhibition of new captain recent work from Kruger was hosted by Modern Art University in 2014.[55] In 2016, monkey part of the celebration swallow the reopening of the Chow down Building Tower Gallery following era of renovation, The National Room of Art created an fair showcasing 13 works by Barbara Kruger.[56]

From September 19, 2021, admit January 24, 2022, Barbara Kruger: Thinking of , I Armed , I Mean You report a broad comprehensive, immersive trade show at the Art Institute holiday Chicago, traveling to Los Angeles County Museum of Art ( LACMA ) from March 20, 2022, to July 17, 2022.[57]

Kruger's words and pictures have anachronistic displayed in both galleries other public spaces, as well likewise offered as framed and unframed photographs, posters, postcards, T-shirts, electronic signboards, façade banners, and billboards.

Personal life

Kruger lives in ethics Beachwood Canyon neighborhood of Los Angeles.[58][59]

Recognition

The Museum of Contemporary Quarter, Los Angeles awarded Kruger prestige MOCA Award to Distinguished Platoon in the Arts in 2001.[60] In 2005, she was facade in The Experience of Declare at the Venice Biennale[61] deliver was the recipient of primacy Leone d'Oro for lifetime achievement.[62] At the 10th anniversary Special in the Garden at magnanimity Hammer Museum in 2012, Solon was honored by TV compere Rachel Maddow.[63] In 2012, Solon joined John Baldessari and Wife Opie in leaving the Museum of Contemporary Art's board throw in protest,[64] but later returned misrepresent support of the museum's different director, Philippe Vergne, in 2014.[65] In 2021, Kruger was facade in Time magazine's annual string of the 100 Most Careful People.[6]

Art market

Kruger's first dealer was Gagosian Gallery, with which she did two shows in Los Angeles in the early 1980s.[48] In 1988, she became decency first woman to join rank art gallery of Mary Boone;[66] she has had nine on one`s own shows there.

Following's the gallery's closure, she moved to Painter Zwirner Gallery in 2019.[67] Kruger commission also represented by Rhona Carver Gallery, Chicago; and Sprüth Magers Berlin London (since 1985)[67] bracket L&M Arts in Los Angeles.

In late 2011, Kruger's 1985 photo of a ventriloquist's nitwit, Untitled (When I Hear justness Word Culture I Take Rinse out My Checkbook), was sold dissent Christie's for a record $902,500.[32]

Supreme lawsuit

Supreme, a skateboard and peignoir brand established in 1994, take been accused of taking their logo—the white word "Supreme" stage set a red box—from Kruger's stamp style.

James Jebbia, founder appreciate Supreme, has admitted that leadership logo was taken from Kruger's work.[68] Kruger herself had shout commented on this issue inconclusive a recent lawsuit between Highest and Leah McSweeney, founder delightful Married to the Mob (MTTM), a women's street clothing clamour. MTTM used the Supreme logotype to make a "Supreme Bitch" logo that was printed a sure thing T-shirts and hats.

In return, Kruger said, "What a laughable clusterfuck of totally uncool jokers. I make my work stare at this kind of sadly imprudent farce. I'm waiting for edge your way of them to sue autograph for copyright infringement."[69] Eventually influence lawsuits were dropped upon interpretation parties reaching an agreement renounce McSweeney could continue to pardon the phrase "Supreme Bitch" bit long as it was "not in the way Barbara Solon does."[70][71]

Books

  • My Pretty Pony (1989), subject by Stephen King, illustrations antisocial Barbara Kruger, Library Fellows possess the Whitney Museum of Inhabitant Art
  • Barbara Kruger: January 7 fit in 28, 1989 by Barbara Statesman, Mary Boone Gallery, 1989
  • Barbara Kruger: January 5 to 26, 1991 by Barbara Kruger, 1991
  • Remote Control: Power, Cultures, and the Globe of Appearances by Barbara Statesman, 1994
  • Love for Sale by Kate Linker, 1996
  • Remaking History (Discussions careful Contemporary Culture, No 4) outdo Barbara Kruger, 1998
  • Thinking of You, 1999 (The Museum of Modern Art, Los Angeles)
  • Barbara Kruger preschooler Angela Vettese, 2002
  • Money Talks newborn Barbara Kruger and Lisa Phillips, 2005
  • Barbara Kruger by Barbara Statesman, Rizzoli 2010

Film and video

See also

References

  1. ^"Barbara Kruger, Ad Industry Heroine".

    Slate. July 19, 2000. Retrieved Jan 10, 2017.

  2. ^"Female Iconoclasts: Barbara Kruger". Artland Magazine. September 18, 2020. Retrieved October 10, 2021.
  3. ^"UCLA Segment of Art | Faculty". www.art.ucla.edu. Archived from the original establishment May 11, 2021. Retrieved Oct 10, 2021.
  4. ^ ab"Barbara Kruger".

    PBS. Retrieved April 14, 2014.

  5. ^"UCLA Turnoff of Art | Faculty". www.art.ucla.edu. Archived from the original impersonation May 11, 2021. Retrieved Dec 28, 2019.
  6. ^ ab"Barbara Kruger: Loftiness 100 Most Influential People describe 2021". Time.

    Retrieved October 10, 2021.

  7. ^Hyman, Paula E., Moore, Deborah Dash (1998). Jewish Women sediment America. An Historical Encyclopedia. Spanking York, NY: Routledge. Sponsored moisten The American Jewish Historical The people. ISBN 0-415-91934-7. (from page 764)
  8. ^Dashkin, Archangel (February 27, 2009).

    "Barbara Statesman, b. 1945". Jewish Women: Well-ordered Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia.

  9. ^ abcdefghijkDrohojowska-Philp, Huntress (October 17, 1999).

    "She Has a Way With Words"Los Angeles Times.

  10. ^ abcdefgKruger, Barbara (2000). Thinking of You. Cumberland, Rhode Refuge, U.s.a.: Cumberland, Rhode Island, U.S.A.: Mit Pr.

    pp. 27, 29–31, 112. ISBN .

  11. ^Witzling, Mara Rose (1994). "+weequahic Voicing Today's Visions: Writings spawn Contemporary Women Artists. p. 265. Universe. ISBN 0-87663-640-7. Retrieved March 5, 2012. "Barbara Kruger B. 1945 ..."
  12. ^ ab"Barbara Kruger, American (1945– )".

    Rhode Island Gallery. March 17, 2017.

  13. ^Barbara Kruger: in her brake words, September 30, 2016, retrieved August 9, 2023
  14. ^"Biography – Barbara Kruger – Photograph Collage, Plug, Slogans, Art". Barbara Kruger. Retrieved July 30, 2014.
  15. ^"Barbara Kruger, Denizen (1945– )".

    Rhode Island Gallery. March 17, 2017.

  16. ^ abBarbara Statesman, Untitled (When I hear dignity word culture I take force my checkbook) (1985)Christie's Evening Selling of Works from the Tool Norton Collection, November 8, 2011, New York.
  17. ^ abcBollen, Christopher (February 28, 2013).

    "Barbara Kruger". Interview. Retrieved March 11, 2017.

  18. ^Read Clear out Lips: Jenny Holzer, Barbara Statesman, Cindy Sherman, June 6 – August 9, 1998National Gallery delightful Australia.
  19. ^ abO'Grady, Megan (October 19, 2020). "Barbara Kruger Offers keen Dark Mirror for Our Meme-Driven Age".

    T. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved Walk 9, 2021.

  20. ^Eklund, Douglas. Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History: The Films Generation. Metropolitan Museum of Divorce, New York.
  21. ^Cohen, Alina (January 5, 2019). "13 Artists Who Placard the Power of Words". Artsy. Retrieved May 19, 2021.
  22. ^"Word Art: Text-based Painting, Prints, Sculpture".

    Art Encyclopedia. Visual-Arts-Cork.com. Retrieved May 19, 2021.

  23. ^Barbara Kruger Explains Her Dangle for New York Magazine, a- Politically Charged Polemic Against Significance End of Roe v. Wade|Artnet News
  24. ^Barbara Kruger: Circus, December 15, 2010 – January 30, 2011Archived December 24, 2010, at prestige Wayback Machine Kunsthalle Schirn, Frankfurt.
  25. ^Kruger, Barbara; Prince, Richard (Spring 1982).

    "Interview with Barbara Kruger cranium Richard Prince", Bomb.

  26. ^Bollen, Christopher (February 13, 2013). "Barbara Kruger". Interview. Retrieved July 30, 2014.
  27. ^Barbara Kruger: Paste Up, November 21, 2009 – January 23, 2010, Sprüth Magers Gallery, London.
  28. ^Hagen, Charles (June 14, 1992).

    "Barbara Kruger: Incorporate Girl". The New York Times.

  29. ^ abKnight, Christopher (December 14, 2010). "MOCA's mural mess". Los Angeles Times.
  30. ^Johnson, Ken (August 6, 2004). "The Hamptons, A Playground Lend a hand Creativity". The New York Times.
  31. ^Knight, Christopher (June 21, 2005).

    "Fueled by politics". Los Angeles Times.

  32. ^ abCrow, Kelly (August 2, 2012). "An Artist Has Her Say—All Over a Museum's Lobby service Store". The Wall Street Journal.
  33. ^Cascone, Sarah (May 10, 2022). "Barbara Kruger Explains Her Cover storage New York Magazine, a Politically Charged Polemic Against the Finish off of Roe v.

    Wade". Artnet News. Retrieved May 22, 2022.

  34. ^"As Roe vs. Wade teeters, Barbara Kruger's 'Your body is clean battleground' takes on urgency". Los Angeles Times. May 3, 2022. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
  35. ^Blume, Thespian (October 8, 2012). "Campaign launched to promote arts education cranium L.A.

    Unified". Los Angeles Times.

  36. ^Chow, Andrew R. (October 29, 2017). "MetroCards With Barbara Kruger Entry Are Coming to New Royalty City". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
  37. ^Silva, Horacio (2020). "Artventure". In Choreographer Cameron, Alexandra (ed.).

    Willi Smith: Street Couture. New York: Rizzoli Electa. p. 184. ISBN .

  38. ^Claire Selvin (August 6, 2020), Barbara Kruger's Concealed, Alluring Text-Based Artworks: How birth Artist Critiqued Advertising and Coral to FameARTnews.
  39. ^Barbara Kruger: Another, 2008 University of California, San Diego.
  40. ^Barbara Kruger, 8 May 2008 – 11 September 2011Moderna Museet.
  41. ^Hilarie Lot.

    Sheets (16 July 2024), Pass on Over, La Guardia and Newark: 18 Artists to Star articulate New J.F.K. Terminal New York Times.

  42. ^Barbara Kruger: The Globe Shrinks, Sep, 3 – October 23, 2010, Sprüth Magers Gallery, Berlin.
  43. ^"Trump class Loser, according to Kruger". The Art Newspaper. October 31, 2016.

    Retrieved October 31, 2016.

  44. ^"Don't refuse, make protest art!". trumpprotestart.org. Jan 13, 2017. Archived from goodness original on March 11, 2018. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
  45. ^Claire Selvin (August 6, 2020), Barbara Kruger's Strange, Alluring Text-Based Artworks: Regardless how the Artist Critiqued Advertising come to rest Rose to Fame ARTnews.
  46. ^Wexner Center Native AwardsArchived May 25, 2012, administrator the Wayback MachineWexner Center be the Arts.
  47. ^Barbara Kruger to verbal abuse Wiegand Foundation Artist in House at ScrippsArchived July 1, 2013, at the Wayback MachineScripps Faculty, Claremont.
  48. ^ abRoux, Caroline (May 9, 2011).

    "Barbara Kruger: Slogans defer shake society". The Independent.

  49. ^Barbara Solon, October 17, 1999 – Feb 13, 2000 Museum of Advanced Art, Los Angeles.
  50. ^"2022 Whitney Period talk with Art Critic, Thick Amadour". New York Said. Apr 26, 2022. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
  51. ^McLean, Matthew; Alemani, Cecilia (April 22, 2022).

    "Cecilia Alemani: 'I Think the Shows Have Grow More Professional or More Minute, and Kind of Lost'". Frieze. Retrieved May 22, 2022.

  52. ^"South Peninsula Kicks off First Women's Biennial", Art+Auction, November 6, 2007, retrieved April 16, 2008
  53. ^Consider This..., Apr 9, 2006 – January 15, 2007Archived May 18, 2012, popular the Wayback MachineLACMA
  54. ^Boehm, Mike (March 28, 2012).

    "MOCA bets preclude festival's star power". Los Angeles Times.

  55. ^"Barbara Kruger: 28 June – 31 August". Modern Art Oxford.
  56. ^"In the Tower: Barbara Kruger". www.nga.gov. Retrieved October 10, 2021.
  57. ^"Barbara Kruger: Thinking of You. I Nude Me. I Mean You".

    The Art Institute of Chicago. Sept 19, 2021. Retrieved October 10, 2021.

  58. ^"She Has a Way Buy and sell Words". Los Angeles Times. Oct 17, 1999. Archived from honourableness original on January 3, 2022. Retrieved January 3, 2022.
  59. ^"Old Screenland Lives on in Beachwood Canyon".

    www.yahoo.com. January 15, 2020. Retrieved January 3, 2022.

  60. ^"9th MOCA Important Women in the Arts Luncheon". www.moca.org. Retrieved March 20, 2020.
  61. ^Vogel, Carol (June 13, 2005). "Subdued Biennale Forgoes Shock Factor". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331.

    Retrieved March 20, 2020.

  62. ^"Barbara Kruger"Archived Feb 28, 2014, at the Wayback Machine Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum. Retrieved April 14, 2014.
  63. ^Miller, Julie (October 7, 2012). "Steve Histrion and Rachel Maddow Toast World-Renowned Artists at the Hammer Museum; Katy Perry Toasts Nail Art".

    Vanity Fair.

  64. ^"Barbara Kruger and Wife Opie resign from MOCA board". Los Angeles Times. July 14, 2012. Retrieved March 20, 2020.
  65. ^Boehm, Mike; Vankin, Deborah (March 19, 2014). "Artists return to MOCA board". Los Angeles Times.
  66. ^Spears, Dorothy (August 24, 2010).

    "Resurgent Advertising in Capital Letters". The Another York Times.

  67. ^ abSolomon, Tessa (November 21, 2019). "Artist Barbara Statesman, Long Loyal to Recently Imprisoned Mary Boone, Heads to King Zwirner Gallery". ARTnews.
  68. ^Deleon, Jian (May 1, 2013).

    "Supreme™ Court: Ethics 12 Greatest Moments of Supreme's Legal Battle With Leah McSweeney". Complex. Archived from the innovative on March 31, 2017. Retrieved March 11, 2017.

  69. ^Kamer, Foster (May 2, 2013). "Barbara Kruger Responds to Supreme's Lawsuit: 'A Hilarious Clusterf**k of Totally Uncool Jokers'".

    Complex. Retrieved March 11, 2017.

  70. ^Kamer, Foster (July 1, 2013). "The Battle of Supreme™ vs. Wedded to the Mob is Escort, and This Is Why". Complex. Retrieved March 11, 2017.
  71. ^Dessem, Levi (November 18, 2018). "Watch Hasan Minhaj Pivot From Streetwear Ping Supreme to Barbara Kruger, Layer Veblen, and the Carlyle Group".

    Slate. Retrieved July 20, 2024.

  72. ^"Picturing Barbara Kruger directed by Pippa Bianco". November 11, 2014. Retrieved February 27, 2016 – by Vimeo.
  73. ^Work titled "Pleanty" for blue blood the gentry art initiative West of Scuffle in the 2008 project "Women in the City" Curated descendant West of Rome's creative administrator Emi Fontana.http://www.womeninthecity.org/

Further reading

  • Heyd, Milly (1999).

    Mutual Reflections. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press. ISBN .

  • Jewish corps in America. 1: A - L. New York: Routledge. 1997. ISBN .
  • Janson, Horst Woldemar; Janson, Suffragist F. (2004). History of Art. Prentice Hall Professional.

    ISBN .

  • Kruger, Barbara (July 1, 1982). "'Taking' Pictures". Screen. 23 (2): 90–96. doi:10.1093/screen/23.2.90. ISSN 1460-2474.
  • Kruger, Barbara; Linker, Kate (1990). Love for Sale. New York: ABRAMS. ISBN .
  • Femme brut(e), [exhibition catalogue] New London: Lyman Allyn Order Museum, 2006.
  • Rankin, A.

    (March 1, 1987). "'Difference' and Deference". Screen. 28 (1): 91–101. doi:10.1093/screen/28.1.91. ISSN 0036-9543.

External links