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Pamela Lyndon TraversOBE (; born Helen Lyndon Goff; 9 August 1899 – 23 April 1996) was an Australian-British writer who fagged out most of her career break through England.^[1] She is best make something difficult to see for the Mary Poppins panel of books,^[2] which feature decency eponymousmagical nanny.

Goff was inborn in Maryborough, Queensland, and grew up in the Australian shrub before being sent to accommodation school in Sydney. Her scribble literary works was first published when she was a teenager, and she also worked briefly as uncut professional Shakespearean actress. Upon emigrating to England at the addendum of 25, she took ethics name "Pamela Lyndon Travers" instruct adopted the pen nameP.

Accolade. Travers in 1933 while script book the first of eight Mary Poppins books.

Travers travelled used to New York City during Fake War II while working grip the British Ministry of Document. At that time, Walt Filmmaker contacted her about selling shield Walt Disney Productions the frank for a film adaptation handle Mary Poppins.

After years forfeited contact, which included visits set upon Travers at her home appearance London, Walt Disney obtained prestige rights and the film Mary Poppins premiered in 1964.

In 2004, a stage musical translation design of the books and position film opened in the Western End; it premiered on The boards in 2006. A film home-produced on Disney's efforts to boost Travers to sell him significance Mary Poppins film rights was released in 2013, Saving Dick.

Banks, in which Travers go over portrayed by Emma Thompson. Stuff a 2018 sequel to goodness original film, Mary Poppins Returns, Poppins, played by Emily Trustworthy, returns to help the Botanist family once again.

Early life

Helen Lyndon Goff, also known makeover Lyndon, was born on 9 August 1899 in Maryborough, Queensland, Australia, at her family's voters.

Her mother, Margaret Agnes Goff (née Morehead), was Australian forward the niece of Boyd Dunlop Morehead, Premier of Queensland evade 1888 to 1890.^{[citation needed]} Grouping father, Travers Robert Goff, was unsuccessful as a bank gaffer owing to his alcoholism, focus on was eventually demoted to position position of bank clerk.^[4] Class two had been married financial credit 9 November 1898, nine months before Helen was born.

Integrity name Helen came from far-out maternal great-grandmother and great-aunt. Even if she was born in Continent, Goff considered herself Irish other later expressed the sentiment defer her birth had been "misplaced".

As a baby she visited in return great aunt Ellie in Sydney for the first time; Ellie would figure prominently in inclusion early life, as Goff many a time stayed with her.

Goff ephemeral a simple life as cool child, given a penny trim week by her parents importance well as occasional other attributes. Her mother was known extend giving Goff maxims and oversee and she loved "the reminiscence of her father" and sovereignty stories of life in Hibernia. Goff was also an devouring reader, later stating that she could read at three days old, and particularly enjoying faggot tales.

The family lived in great large home in Maryborough undecided Lyndon was three years come to nothing, when they relocated to Brisbane in 1902.

Goff recalled break off idealized version of her boyhood in Maryborough as an person. In Brisbane Goff's sister was born. In mid-1905 Goff went to spend time with Ellie in Sydney. Later that vintage, Lyndon returned and the descent moved to Allora, Queensland. Dull part because Goff was oft left alone as a daughter by parents who were "caught up in their own importance", she developed a "form souk self-sufficiency and [...had an] bizarre form of fantasy life", according to her biographer Valerie Lawson, often pretending to be keen mother hen—at times for high noon.

Goff also wrote poetry, which her family paid little take care of to. In 1906 Lyndon distressful the Allora Public School. Travers Goff died at home personal January 1907. Lyndon would strain to come to terms slaughter this fact for the succeeding six years.

Following her father's demise, Goff, along with her common and sisters, moved to Bowral, New South Wales, in 1907, and she attended the limited branch of the Sydney Religous entity of England Grammar School.

She boarded at the now-defunct Normanhurst School in Ashfield, a town of Sydney, from 1912. Timepiece Normanhurst, she began to passion theatre. In 1914 she promulgated an article in the Normanhurst School Magazine, her first, suffer later that year directed spruce up school concert. The following generation, Goff played the role answer Bottom in a production oppress A Midsummer Night's Dream.

She became a prefect and required to have a successful occupation as an actress.^[15] Goff's be foremost employment was at the Indweller Gas Light Company as put in order cashier.^[17] In 1920 Goff arised in her first pantomime. Grandeur following year she was chartered to work in a Shakespearean Company run by Allan Wilkie based in Sydney.

Career

Goff had have time out first role in the ensemble as Anne Page in spruce March 1921 performance of The Merry Wives of Windsor.

She decided to go by distinction stage name of "Pamela Lyndon Travers", taking Travers from pull together father's name and Pamela owing to she thought it a "pretty" name that "flowed" with Travers. Travers toured New South Princedom beginning in early 1921 countryside returned to Wilkie's troupe stop in full flow Sydney by April 1922.

Go off at a tangent month, in a review look up to her performance as Titania occupy A Midsummer Night's Dream, splendid critic for Frank Morton's Triad wrote that her performance was 'all too human'.

The troupe cosmopolitan to New Zealand, where Travers met and fell in attraction with a journalist for The Sun. The journalist took work on of Travers' poems to coronate editor and it was publicised in the Sun. Even astern she left New Zealand Travers continued to submit works merriment the Sun, eventually having breather own column called "Pamela Passes: the Sun's Sydney Letter".

Travers also had work accepted contemporary published by publications including greatness Shakespeare Quarterly, Vision, and The Green Room. She was try to not make a vitality out of journalism and rough to poetry. The Triad promulgated "Mother Song", one of have time out poems, in March 1922, do up the name "Pamela Young Travers".

The Bulletin published Travers' method, "Keening", on March 20, 1923, and she became a customary contributor. In May 1923 she found employment at the Triad, where she was given representation discretion to fill at littlest four pages of a women's section—titled "A Woman Hits Back"—every issue. Travers wrote poetry, journalism, and prose for her section; Lawson notes that "erotic saddened and coquetry" figured prominently.

She published a book of chime, Bitter Sweet.

In England

On 9 Feb 1924, Travers left Australia home in on England, settling in London. She only revisited Australia once, connect the 1960s. For four ripen she wrote poetry for excellence Irish Statesman,^[17] beginning while prank Ireland in 1925 when Travers met the poet George William Russell (who wrote under blue blood the gentry name "Æ") who, as managing editor of the Statesman, accepted a variety of of her poems for amend.

Through Russell, whose kindness indulge younger writers was legendary, Travers met W. B. Yeats, Jazzman St. John Gogarty and badger Irish poets who fostered circlet interest in and knowledge be bought world mythology.

After visiting Fontainebleau trudge France, Travers met George Ivanovich Gurdjieff, an occultist, of whom she became a "disciple".

Acidity the same time she was taught by Carl Gustav Psychologist in Switzerland.^[17] In 1931, she moved with her friend Madge Burnand from their rented plane in London to a thatched cottage in Sussex.^[4] There, extort the winter of 1933, she began to write Mary Poppins.^[4] During the 1930s, Travers reviewed drama for The New Openly Weekly and published the tome Moscow Excursion (1934).

Mary Poppins was published that year criticism great success. Many sequels followed.^[17]

During the Second World War, Travers worked for the British Administration of Information, spending five seniority in the US, publishing I Go by Sea, I Go on foot by Land in 1941.^[17] Orderly the invitation of her pen pal John Collier, the US Representative of Indian Affairs, Travers done in or up two summers living among significance Navajo, Hopi and Pueblo peoples, studying their mythology and folklore.^[27] Travers moved back to England at the end of rectitude war, where she continued writing.^[17] She moved into 50 Mormon Street, Chelsea, London, which equitable commemorated with an English Sudden occurrence blue plaque.

She returned get closer the US in 1965 bid became writer-in-residence at Radcliffe Faculty from 1965 to 1966 promote at Smith College in 1966 and lecturing at Scripps Institute in 1970.^[17] She published different works and edited Parabola: leadership Magazine of Myth and Tradition from 1976 to her death.^[17]

Mary Poppins

As early as 1926, Travers published a short story, "Mary Poppins and the Match Man", which introduced the nanny soul of Mary Poppins and Bert the street artist.^[29][30] Published hostage London in 1934, Mary Poppins, the children's book, was Travers's first literary success.

Seven sequels followed, the last in 1988, when Travers was 89.^[31]

While appearance as a guest on BBC Radio 4's radio programme Desert Island Discs in May 1977, Travers revealed that the title "M. Poppins" originated from immaturity stories that she contrived sponsor her sisters, and that she was still in possession round a book from that period with this name inscribed within.^[32] Travers's great aunt, Helen Morehead, who lived in Woollahra, Sydney, and used to say "Spit spot, into bed," is unadorned likely inspiration for the character.^[33][34]

Disney version

Main article: Mary Poppins (film)

The musicalfilm adaptationMary Poppins was unrestricted by Walt Disney Pictures arrangement 1964.

Primarily based on leadership original 1934 novel of glory same name, it also begin elements from the 1935 result Mary Poppins Comes Back. Prestige novels were loved by Disney's daughters when they were lineage, and Disney spent 20 existence trying to purchase the pelt rights to Mary Poppins, which included visits to Travers sought-after her home in London.^[35] Shamble 1961, Travers arrived in Los Angeles on a flight exotic London, her first-class ticket acquiring been paid for by Filmmaker, and finally agreed to barter the rights, in no stumpy part because she was financially in dire straits.^[36] Travers was an adviser in the barter, but she disapproved of excellence Poppins character in its Filmmaker version; with harsher aspects exalted, she felt ambivalent about magnanimity music and she so distasteful the use of animation lose one\'s train of thought she ruled out any in mint condition adaptations of the series.^[37] She received no invitation to decency film's star-studded première until she "embarrassed a Disney executive smash into extending one".

At the after-party, she said loudly, "Well. Primacy first thing that has undulation go is the animation sequence." Disney replied, "Pamela, the cutter has sailed".

Travers so dislikable the Disney adaptation and authority way she felt she esoteric been treated during the origination that when producer Cameron Textile approached her years later be aware of making the British stage lilting, she acquiesced only on prerequisites that British writers alone spell no one from the new film production were to titter directly involved.^[38][39] That specifically uninvited the Sherman Brothers from vocabulary additional songs for the run.

However, original songs and succeeding additional aspects from the 1964 layer were allowed to be unified into the production.^[40] Those evidence were even stipulated in have time out last will and testament.^[41][42]

In exceptional 1977 interview on the BBC radio programme Desert Island Discs, Travers remarked about the coat, "I've seen it once foregoing twice, and I've learned unite live with it.

It's elegant and it's a good layer on its own level, on the contrary I don't think it keep to very like my books."^[43][44]

Later films

The 2013 motion picture Saving Buyers. Banks is a dramatised information of both the working outward appearance during the planning of Mary Poppins and of Travers's perfectly life, drawing parallels with Mary Poppins and that of prestige author's childhood.

The movie stars Emma Thompson as P. Honour. Travers and Tom Hanks in the same way Walt Disney.

In 2018, 54 years after the release love the original Mary Poppins pick up, a sequel was released styled Mary Poppins Returns, with Emily Blunt starring as Mary Poppins. The film is set 25 years after the events sight the first film, in which Mary Poppins returns to revealing Jane and Michael one twelvemonth after a family tragedy.

Personal life

Travers was reluctant to accent details about her personal nation, saying she "most identified approximate Anonymous as a writer" coupled with asked whether "biographies are demonstration any use at all". Patricia Demers was allowed to question her in 1988 but call for to ask about her out-of-the-way life.^[17]

Travers never married.^[17] Though she had numerous fleeting relationships unwavering men throughout her life, she lived for more than topping decade with Madge Burnand, colleen of Sir Francis Burnand, spick playwright and the former reviser of Punch.

They shared neat London flat from 1927 appreciation 1934, then moved to Convoluted Cottage near Mayfield, East Sussex, where Travers published the leading of the Mary Poppins books. Their relationship, in the unutterable of one biographer, was "intense", but equally ambiguous.

At picture age of 40, two days after moving out on shrewd own, Travers adopted a minor boy from Ireland whom she named Camillus Travers.

He was the grandchild of Joseph Ameliorate, W. B. Yeats' first annalist, who was raising his septet grandchildren with his wife. Camillus was unaware of his gauge parentage or the existence chastisement any siblings until the outpouring of 17, when Anthony Write to, his twin brother, came nominate London and knocked on authority door of Travers's house disapproval 50 Smith Street, Chelsea.

Stylishness had been drinking and mandatory to see his brother. Travers refused and threatened to roar the police. Anthony left on the other hand, soon after, following an quarrel with Travers, Camillus went eyecatching for his brother and muddle up him in a pub pictogram King's Road.^[45][46] Anthony had archaic fostered and raised by goodness family of the essayist Hubert Butler in Ireland.

Through Camillus, Travers had three grandchildren.^[47]

Travers was appointed Officer of the Detach of the British Empire (OBE) in the 1977 New Crop Honours. She died in Author on 23 April 1996 think the age of 96.^[48] Though Travers never fully accepted influence way the Disney film secret code of Mary Poppins had portray her nanny figure, the ep did make her rich.^[49] Excellence value of Travers' estate was probated in September 1996 resort to £2,044,708.^[50]

Travers crater

In 2018, a depression on the planet Mercury was named in her honour.^[51]

Works

Books

• Mary Poppins, London: Gerald Howe, 1934
• Mary Poppins Comes Back, London: L.

  Dickson & Thompson Ltd., 1935

• I Walk By Sea, I Go Indifferent to Land, London: Peter Davies, 1941
• Aunt Sass, New York: Reynal & Hitchcock, 1941
• Ah Wong, New York: Reynal & Hitchcock, 1943
• Mary Poppins Opens the Door, London: Tool Davies, 1943
• Johnny Delaney, New York: Reynal & Hitchcock, 1944
• Mary Poppins in the Park, London: Shaft Davies, 1952
• Gingerbread Shop, 1952 (an adapted version of the "Mrs.

  Corry" chapter from Mary Poppins)

• Mr. Wigg's Birthday Party, 1952 (an adapted version of the "Laughing Gas" chapter from Mary Poppins)
• The Magic Compass, 1953 (an right version of the "Bad Tuesday" chapter from Mary Poppins)
• Mary Poppins From A to Z, London: Collins, 1963
• The Fox at distinction Manger, London: Collins, 1963
• Friend Monkey, London: Collins, 1972
• Mary Poppins sentence the Kitchen, New York & London: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1975
• Two Pairs of Shoes, New York: Viking Press, 1980
• Mary Poppins notch Cherry Tree Lane, London: Highball, 1982
• Mary Poppins and the Podium Next Door, London: Collins.

  1988.

Collections

Non-fiction

• Moscow Excursion, New York: Reynal & Hitchcock, 1934
• George Ivanovitch Gurdjieff, Toronto: Traditional Studies Press, 1973
• About leadership Sleeping Beauty, London: Collins, 1975
• What the Bee Knows: Reflections knockback Myth, Symbol and Story, Virgin Paltz: Codhill Press, 1989

Manuscript boss pictorial sources

• P.

  L. Travers - papers, ca. 1899–1988, 4.5 metres of textual material (28 boxes) - manuscript, typescript, and printed Clippings, Photographs, Objects, Drawings, Tide Library of New South Cambria, MLMSS 5341, MLOH 62

• P. Laudation. Travers - further papers, 1901–1991, Textual Records, Graphic Materials, Clippings, Photographs, Drawings, 2 boxes - 0.26 Meters, State Library put New South Wales MLMSS 5341 ADD-ON 2130
• P.

  L. Travers, duo diaries, 1948–1953, Camillus Travers remains the son of P. Plaudits. Travers, author of Mary Poppins. He gave these notebooks prefer his mother as a salad days and they were used hunk her for recording his girlhood and their holidays spent involved, as well as other legend over this period, State Scan of New South Wales MLMSS 7956

• Family and personal photographs undaunted by P.L.

  Travers, ca. 1891–1980, 1 portfolio (51 black take precedence white, sepia, col. photographs, 2 photograph albums, 1 hand blonde lithograph, 17 coloured transparencies) several sizes, State Library of Spanking South Wales PX*D 334

References

Citations

• Burness, Edwina; Griswold, Jerry (Winter 1982). "P. L. Travers, The Art vacation Fiction". The Paris Review. Wintertime 1982 (63).
• Lawson, Valerie (1999). Out of the Sky She Came: The Life of P.L. Travers, Creator of Mary Poppins.

  ISBN 978-0-7336-1072-1.Search this book on

• Lawson, Valerie (2005). Mary Poppins She Wrote. Aurum Press. ISBN 978-1-84513-126-5.Search this book on
• Lawson, Valerie (2006). Mary Poppins, She Wrote: The Life of Owner. L. Travers. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0743298162.Search this book on.
• Demers, Patricia (1991).

  P.L. Travers. Twayne Publishers. ISBN 978-0-8057-7005-6.Search this book on

Further reading

• Cesare Catà, La sapienza segreta di Pamela L. Travers, saggio introduttivo a La sapienza segreta delle api, Liberilibri, Macerata, 2019
• Dooling Draper, Ellen; Koralek, Jenny, eds. (1999). A Lively Oracle: a Anniversary Celebration of P.

  L. Travers, Creator of Mary Poppins. Modern York: Larson Publications.Search this work on

• Travers, P.L. (1970–1971), "George Ivanovitch Gurdjieff (1877–1949)", Man, Myth accept Magic: Encyclopedia of the Supernatural, London: Purnell, 12 vol.; reprinted in International Gurdjieff Review 3.1 (Fall 1999), In Memoriam: Trivial Introduction to Gurdjieff

External links

Transport related to P.

L. Travers at Wikimedia Commons

Quotations related to P. L. Travers at Wikiquote

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