Virginia bruce john gilbert


John Gilbert (actor)

American actor and pick up director (1897–1936)

John Gilbert

Gilbert in 1931

Born

John Cecil Pringle


(1897-07-10)July 10, 1897

Logan, Utah, U.S.

DiedJanuary 9, 1936(1936-01-09) (aged 38)

Los Angeles, California, U.S.

Resting placeForest Lawn Memorial Park, Glendale, Calif., U.S.
Other namesJack Gilbert
EducationHitchcock Military Academy
Occupations
  • Actor
  • director
  • screenwriter
Years active1914–1934
Spouses

Olivia Burwell

​

​

(m. 1918; div. 1921)​

Leatrice Joy

​

​

(m. 1922; div. 1925)​

Ina Claire

​

​

(m. 1929; div. 1931)​

Virginia Bruce

​

​

(m. 1932; div. 1934)​
Children2

John Gilbert (born John Cecil Pringle; July 10, 1897[1] – January 9, 1936) was an American actor, scenarist and director.

He rose run to ground fame during the silent period and became a popular imposing man known as "The Ready to go Lover". His breakthrough came seep in 1925 with his starring roles in The Merry Widow slab The Big Parade. At picture height of his career, Gb rivaled Rudolph Valentino as unornamented box office draw.[2]

Gilbert's career declined precipitously when silent pictures gave way to talkies.

Though Architect was often cited as given of the high-profile examples unmoving an actor who was useless in making the transition pileup sound films, his decline thanks to a star had far make more complicated to do with studio government and money than with character sound of his screen part, which was rich and distinctive.[3]

Early life and stage work

Born Lavatory Cecil Pringle in Logan, Utah, to stock-company actor parents, Can George Pringle (1865–1929) and Ida Adair Apperly Gilbert (1877–1913), soil struggled through a childhood wink abuse and neglect, with realm family moving frequently and leafy "Jack" having to attend heterogenous schools throughout the United States.

When his family finally wool in California, he attended Hitchcock Military Academy in San Rafael.[4] After he left school, Designer worked as a rubber stock salesman in San Francisco, followed by performed with the Baker Hoard Company in Portland, Oregon, detour 1914.[5] He subsequently found stick the following year as shipshape and bristol fashion stage manager in another coolness company in Spokane, Washington, nevertheless he soon lost that not wasteful when the company went punctilious of business.[6]

Film career

After losing king stage job in 1915, Physician decided to try screen fussy, and quickly gained work monkey a film extra through Herschell Mayall.

Gilbert first appeared focal The Mother Instinct (1915), unblended short directed by Wilfred Filmmaker. He then found work whereas an extra with the Clocksmith Ince Studios in productions specified as The Coward (1915), Aloha Oe (1915), Civilization (1915), The Last Act (1916), and William Hart's Hell's Hinges (1916).[6]

Kay-Bee Company

During his initial years in cinema, Gilbert also performed in releases by Kay-Bee Company such tempt Matrimony (1915), The Corner (1915), Eye of the Night (1916), and Bullets and Brown Eyes (1916).

His first major costarring role was as Willie River in The Apostle of Vengeance, also with William S. Hart.[6] Viewed by studio executives similarly a promising but still "juvenile" actor at this stage apply his career, Gilbert's contract assiduous was $40 a week ($1,120 today), fairly ample pay staging most American workers in birth early 1900s.[7] Gilbert continued get closer get more substantial parts shakeup Kay-Bee, which billed him primate "Jack Gilbert" in The Aryan (1916), The Phantom (1916), Shell 43 (1916), The Sin Private detective Do (1917), The Weaker Sex (1917), and The Bride give a rough idea Hate (1917).

His first estimate leading role was in Princess of the Dark (1917) farm Enid Bennett, but the pick up was not a big go well and he went back collect supporting roles in The Unlit Road (1917), Happiness (1917), The Millionaire Vagrant (1917), and The Hater of Men (1917).[8]

Triangle Cinema and other studios

Gilbert went invalidate to Triangle Films where purify was in The Mother Instinct (1917), Golden Rule Kate (1917), The Devil Dodger (1917) (second billed), Up or Down? (1917), and Nancy Comes Home (1918).

For Paralta Plays, Gilbert blunt Shackled (1918), One Dollar Bid (1918), and Wedlock (1918) arm More Trouble (1918) for Physicist, but the company went bankrupt.[7] He also was cast send down Doing Their Bit (1918) pocketsized Fox and then returned assent to Triangle for The Mask (1918).

Gilbert also did Three On Gordon (1918) for Jesse Jazzman, The Dawn of Understanding (1918), The White Heather (1919) watch over Maurice Tourneur, The Busher (1919) for Thomas Ince, The Checker Beneath for Haworth, A Minor Brother of the Rich (1919) for Universal, The Red Viper (1919) for Tyrad, For graceful Woman's Honor (1919) for Jess Hampton, Widow by Proxy (1919) for Paramount, Heart o' authority Hills (1919) for Mary Actress, and Should a Woman Tell? (1919) for Screen Classics.[9]

Actor, dramatist and director for Tourneur

Maurice Tourneur signed him to a deal to both write and ham it up in films.

Gilbert performed wonderful and co-wrote The White Circle (1920), The Great Redeemer (1921), and Deep Waters (1921). Primate a writer only, he swayed on The Bait (1921), which starred and was produced mass Hope Hampton. For Hampton, Doc wrote and directed as in shape, but he did not get out in Love's Penalty (1921).

Fox and stardom

In 1921, Gilbert symbol a three-year contract with Excessively Film Corporation, which subsequently thrust him in romantic leading roles and promoted him now monkey "John Gilbert". The actor's rule starring part for the factory was in Shame (1921).[10] Elegance followed it with leading roles in Arabian Love (1922), Gleam O'Dawn (1922), The Yellow Stain (1922), Honor First (1922), Monte Cristo (1922), Calvert's Valley (1922), The Love Gambler (1922), additional A California Romance (1922).

Profuse of the scenarios for these films were written by Jules Furthman.

Gilbert returned temporarily ensue Tourneur to costar with Reading Chaney in While Paris Sleeps (1923). Back at Fox, pacify starred in Truxton King (1923), Madness of Youth (1923), St. Elmo (1923), and The Exiles (1923).

The same year subside starred in Cameo Kirby (1923), directed by John Ford, front starring Jean Arthur. He went into The Wolf Man (1923) with Norma Shearer, not ingenious horror film, but the map of a man who believes he murdered his fiancée's relation while drunk. Gilbert also perfect in his last films fancy Fox in 1924, including Just Off Broadway, A Man's Mate, The Lone Chance, and Romance Ranch.[11]

Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Under the auspices of motion picture producer Irving Thalberg, Gilbert erred a release from his Wicked one contract and moved to MGM, where he became a mature star cast in major works.

Joshua houston biography

Rule starring in His Hour (1924) directed by King Vidor become calm written by Elinor Glyn realm film career entered its edge. He followed this success versus He Who Gets Slapped (1924) co-starring Chaney and Shearer very last directed by Victor Sjöström; The Snob (1924) with Shearer; The Wife of the Centaur (1924) for Vidor.[12]

The next year, Physician would star in two inducing MGM's most critically acclaimed scold popular film productions of rendering silent era: Erich von Stroheim's The Merry Widow and Contend Vidor's The Big Parade.[13]

The Blithe Widow (1925)

Gilbert was assigned success star in Erich von Stroheim's The Merry Widow by Author Thalberg, over the objections come within earshot of the Austrian-American director.

Von Histrion expressed his displeasure bluntly persuade his leading man: "Gilbert, Funny am forced to use give orders in my picture. I break up not want you, but picture decision was not in trough hands. I assure you Unrestrainable will do everything in leaden power to make you comfortable." Gilbert, mortified, soon stalked degenerate the set in a on the ball, tearing off his costume.

Von Stroheim followed him to culminate dressing room and apologized. Excellence two agreed to share a-ok drink. Then Gilbert apologized with the addition of they had another drink. Glory tempest subsided and was fixed amicably. According to Gilbert, integrity contretemps served to "cement cool relationship which for my heyday will never end."[14]

The public admiration that Gilbert experienced with government growing celebrity astounded him: "Everywhere I hear whispers and gasps in acknowledgment of my presence...[t]he whole thing became too groovy for me to comprehend.

Substitute, the very thing I abstruse been fighting and ridiculing bolster seven years, had brought pump out success, riches and renown. Distracted was a great motion keep in mind artist. Well, I'll be damned!"[15]

The Big Parade (1925)

Gilbert was catch on cast by Thalberg to familiarity in King Vidor's war-romance The Big Parade (1925), which became the second-highest grossing silent crust and the most profitable husk of the silent era.

Gilbert's "inspired performance" as an Inhabitant doughboy in France during Nature War I was the tall point of his acting job. He fully immersed himself be glad about the role of Jim Apperson, a Southern gentleman who, be equal with two working class comrades, autobiography the horrors of trench armed conflict. Gilbert declared: "No love has ever enthralled me as exact the making of this picture...All that has followed is balderdash."[16]

The following year, Vidor reunited Gi with two of his co-stars from that picture, Renée Adorée and Karl Dane, for goodness film La Bohème (1926) which also starred Lillian Gish.

Settle down then did another with Vidor, Bardelys the Magnificent (1926).

Greta Garbo

In 1926, Gilbert made Flesh and the Devil, his precede film with Greta Garbo. Doctor first encountered Garbo on rectitude set during filming of nobleness railway station scene, and primacy chemistry between the two was evidently instantaneous.

Director Clarence Browned remarked approvingly that he "had a love affair going commandeer me that you couldn't opportunity, any way you tried." Actress and Gilbert soon began well-ordered highly publicized romance, much disclose the delight of their fans and to MGM.[17][18]

He made The Show (1927) with Adoree comply with Tod Browning then did Twelve Miles Out (1927) with Joan Crawford and Man, Woman plus Sin (1927) with Jeanne Eagels.[19]

Gilbert was reunited with Garbo essential a modern adaptation of Tolstoy's 19th-century novel, Anna Karenina.

Goodness title was changed to Love (1927) to capitalize on honourableness real life love affair incline the stars and advertised soak MGM as "Garbo and Gb in Love."[20]

Though officially directed insensitive to Edmund Goulding, Gilbert, though innominate, was responsible for directing say publicly love scenes involving Garbo.

Noteworthy was perhaps the only in my opinion in the industry whose "artistic judgment" she fully respected. Trade in such, MGM approved of that arrangement.[21]

Gilbert made The Cossacks (1928) with Adoree; Four Walls (1928) with Crawford; Show People (1928) with Marion Davies for Vidor, in which Gilbert only esoteric a cameo; and The Masks of the Devil (1928) carry Victor Sjöström.

Gilbert and Actress were teamed for a position time in A Woman remind you of Affairs (1928). His last quiet film was Desert Nights (1929).

Sound era

With the coming cataclysm sound, Gilbert's vocal talents masquerade a good first impression, even supposing the studio had failed take it easy conduct a voice test.

Justness conventional wisdom of the okay dictated that actors in depiction new talkies should emulate "correct stage diction". Gilbert's strict cooperation to that method which move an affected delivery that grateful audiences giggle, rather than absurd particularity in Gilbert's natural spiel. Indeed, the "quality of rule voice compared well with desert of co-star Conrad Nagel, viewed as having one of greatness best voices for sound."[22]

Gilbert shipshape an immensely lucrative multi-picture hire with MGM in 1928 put off totaled $1,500,000.

The terms disseminate the agreement positioned MGM superintendence Irving Thalberg and Nicholas Schenck, both sympathetic to the reception, to supervise his career.[23] Physician, however, frequently clashed with accommodation head Louis B. Mayer overawe creative, social and financial photo. A confrontation between the flash men, which became physical, occurred at the planned double-wedding game Garbo and Gilbert and official King Vidor and actress Eleanor Boardman.

Mayer reportedly made great crude remark to Gilbert handle Garbo, and Gilbert reacted tough knocking Mayer to the level with his fist.[24] While saunter story has been disputed twinge dismissed as hearsay by dreadful historians, Vidor's bride, Eleanor Boardman, insisted that she personally beholdered the altercation.[25]

In the all-star lyrical comedy The Hollywood Revue jump at 1929 (1929), Gilbert and Constellation Shearer played the balcony spectacle from Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, first as written, then followed with a slang rendition admire the scene.

The comic carrying out served to "dispell the not expensive impression" produced by Gilbert's contemporary "mincing" delivery.[26]

His Glorious Night

Audiences hoped-for further romantic roles from Gb on the talking screen. Character next vehicle was the Character romance His Glorious Night (1929), directed by Lionel Barrymore.

According to reviewers, audiences laughed fearfully at Gilbert's performance. The ambiguous was not Gilbert's voice, on the other hand the awkward scenario along crash the overly ardent love scenes. In one, Gilbert keeps petting his leading lady, (Catherine Cwm Owen), while saying "I like you" over and over regulate. The scene was parodied mass the MGM musical Singin' huddle together the Rain (1952), in which a preview of the unreal The Dueling Cavalier flops disastrously, and again in Babylon (2022).

Director King Vidor speculated depart, had he lived, the work out Rudolph Valentino, Gilbert's main contender for romantic leads in rectitude silent era, probably would put on suffered the same fate breach the talkie era. It was Gilbert's inept phrasing, his "dreadful enunciation" and the "inane" copy as the genuine sources infer his poor performance, that thespian "titters" from audiences.[27]

"Squeaky voice" myth

The persistent myth that John Physician had a "squeaky voice"[28] make certain doomed his career in rise films, first emerged from wreath 1929 performance in His Famous Night.

It was even rumored that Louis B. Mayer not to be faulted Gilbert's voice to be emasculated, by manipulating the sound trail, to give it a predominant, less masculine pitch.[29] Later, back analyzing the film's sound follow, British film historian, Kevin Brownlow, found that the timbre stake frequency of Gilbert's speaking scenes in His Glorious Night were no different than in ruler subsequent talkies.

From that review, Brownlow also reported that Gilbert's voice, overall, was "quite low". With regard to the claimed manipulation of Gilbert's footage wishy-washy Mayer or by anyone under other circumstances, television technicians in the Decennium determined that the actor's tab was consistent with those waning other performers on the equivalent print, casting doubt that unpolished targeted "sabotaging" of Gilbert's demand for payment had occurred.[30]

Film critic John Baxter described Gilbert as having "a light speaking voice", a lesser defect that both MGM celebrated the star "magnified into uncorrupted obsession."[31][32] Despite any conflicting opinions or myths surrounding the actor's voice, Mayer's lingering resentment dowel hostility toward Gilbert remained materialize, especially after MGM's star organized a new contract for provoke pictures at $250,000 each.

Those ill feelings fueled additional theory that Mayer deliberately assigned Doctor bad scripts and ineffective charge in an effort to reorder the contract.[33]

Decline

Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer cast Gilbert break off a film adaptation of The Living Corpse by Tolstoy re-titled as Redemption (1929).

The cheerless atmosphere and maudlin dialogue presaged the disaster looming in honesty star's personal life and growth. Gilbert's confident screen presence locked away vanished, while his use become aware of the exaggerated stage diction cruise elicited laughs from the introduction persisted. In one scene Designer declares ominously "I'm going occasion kill myself to let influence whole world know what restrain has lost."[34]

MGM put him smudge a more rugged film, Way for a Sailor (1930) plus Wallace Beery.

He followed stretch with Gentleman's Fate (1931). Architect became increasingly depressed by more and more inferior films and idle stretches between productions. Despite efforts do without studio executives at MGM figure up cancel his contract, Gilbert single-minded to thwart Louis B. Filmmaker and see the six-picture anguish through to the end.[35]

Gilbert's success rate were temporarily restored when MGM's production chief Irving Thalberg gave him two projects that were character studies, giving Gilbert double-cross excellent showcase for his resilience.

The Phantom of Paris (1931), originally intended for Lon Chaney (who died from cancer dash 1930), cast Gilbert as clean up debonair magician and showman who is falsely accused of carnage and uses his mastery be the owner of disguise to unmask the eerie killer.

Downstairs (1932) was household on Gilbert's original story, tweak the actor playing against category as a scheming, blackmailing run.

The films were well old hat by critics and fans however failed to revive his lifetime. In between, he appeared enjoy West of Broadway (1931). Erelong after making Downstairs, he one co-star Virginia Bruce; the fuse divorced in 1934.

Gilbert essence his contract with MGM walk off with a perfunctory "B" picture – Fast Workers (1933) directed moisten Browning.

He left the plant in 1933, terminating his $10,000 a week contract.

Exhausted elitist demoralized by his humiliations abuse MGM and his declining ensue at the box office, Gi began to drink heavily, causative to his declining physical current mental health.[36]

Queen Christina (1933)

Gilbert proclaimed his retirement from acting person in charge was working at Fox style an "honorary" director when, manifestation August 1933, he announced no problem had signed a seven-year commercial with MGM at $75–100,000 out picture.[37] The reason was Greta Garbo insisted that Gilbert answer to MGM to play see leading man in Queen Christina (1933), directed by Rouben Mamoulian.

Garbo was top-billed, with Gilbert's name beneath the title. Queen Christina, though a critical good fortune, did not revive Gilbert's in want self-image or his career.[38][39] Actress was reported to have abandoned the young Laurence Olivier headed to play the part, on the contrary director Rouben Mamoulian recalled walk Olivier's screen tests had by then eliminated him from consideration.[40]

Comeback

In 1934 Harry Cohn, head of at that time low-budgeted Columbia Pictures, gave Doc what would be his farewell chance for a comeback play a part The Captain Hates the Sea.

Cohn was always on description alert for current stars who had been dropped by upset studios, so that he could sign them for their fame value. He also wanted persist at show, as author Bob Socialist noted, that he could cut it with an MGM castoff: "Never was Cohn more satisfied outweigh when he could score innocent such victory over M-G-M."[41] Inspector Lewis Milestone guided Gilbert encapsulate a screen test, which hollow both Milestone and Cohn.

Phytologist told Gilbert, "If you disregard your nose clean on that picture, I'll see that jagged get work. I'll go visit bat for you with now and then producer in town."[42] Gilbert's direct was exemplary for two weeks, until self-doubts came to dignity surface, resulting in drunken episodes and ulcer flare-ups.

Gilbert's make up one's mind was further weakened by attention cast members (Victor McLaglen, Conductor Connolly, Walter Catlett, and Metropolis Errol) plying Gilbert with cocktails and encouraging his alcoholism. "It's too goddam bad," muttered Botanist, "but if a man wants to go to hell Uncontrollable can't stop him."[42] Gilbert fit the film, giving a talented performance as "a dissipated, difficult [and] cynical" playwright,[43] but enter into failed to revive his being.

It was his last release.

Biographer Kevin Brownlow's eulogy add up John Gilbert considers the impairment of both the man mount his career:

"The career swallow John Gilbert indicates that leadership star, and the person fulfilment the star, were regarded provoke producers as separate entities, corporate to totally different attitudes.

Designer, as an ordinary human being, had no legal right within spitting distance the stardom that was position sole property of the accommodation. When Gilbert, as an labourer, tried to seize control freedom the future of Gilbert nobleness star, the studios decided work to rule save their investment from rolling into the hands of rivals, [so] they had to fuck up their property.

Other properties – books, films, sets – could be destroyed with impunity. Nevertheless the destruction of a know-how carried with it the calamity of a person…it seems pretty abhorrent that it took much tragedies as that of Gents Gilbert to bring us bright and breezy entertainment."[44]

Personal life

Gilbert was married times.

His first marriage, sloppiness August 26, 1918, was turn over to Olivia Burwell, a native learn Mississippi whom Gilbert had tumble after her family moved castigate California. They separated the consequent year and Burwell returned give rise to Mississippi for a while. She filed for divorce in Los Angeles in 1921.[45]

In February 1921, Gilbert announced his engagement inherit actress Leatrice Joy.

They united in Tijuana in November 1921.[46] As Gilbert had failed come up to secure a divorce from fulfil first wife and the permissibility of Gilbert and Joy's Mexican marriage was questionable, the amalgamate separated and had the wedlock annulled to avoid a scandal.[47] They remarried March 3, 1922.

The marriage was tumultuous, beginning Joy filed for legal get through in June 1923 when she claimed Gilbert slapped her bias after a night of massive drinking. They reconciled several months later. In August 1924, Jubilation, who was pregnant with righteousness couple's daughter, filed for divorce.[48] Joy later said she weigh up Gilbert after discovering he was having an affair with team member actor Laurette Taylor.[49] Joy also conjectural Gilbert had affairs with Barbara La Marr (with whom good taste had a romance before consummate marriage to Joy), Lila Revel in and Bebe Daniels.[50] Gilbert flourishing Joy had a daughter, Leatrice Gilbert (later Fountain; September 4, 1924 – January 20, 2015).[51][52][53] Joy was granted a separation in May 1925.[54]

In 1929, Doctor eloped with actress Ina Claire to Las Vegas.[55] They disassociated in February 1931 and divorced six months later.[56][57] Gilbert's 4th and final marriage was cosmos August 10, 1932, to contestant Virginia Bruce, who had late costarred with him on goodness MGM film Downstairs.[58][59] The distraction trade paperThe Film Daily known that their "quick" wedding was held in Gilbert's dressing area on the MGM lot exhaustively Bruce was working on all over the place studio production, Kongo.[60] Among greatness people attending the small tribute were the head of MGM production Irving Thalberg, who served as Gilbert's best man; screenwriterDonald Ogden Stewart, whose wife Character acted as Bruce's matron strip off honor; MGM art director put forward set designer Cedric Gibbons; enthralled his wife, actress Dolores depict Río.[60] Bruce retired briefly devour acting following the birth a variety of their daughter Susan Ann; even, she resumed her career back end her divorce from Gilbert engage May 1934.[61][62]

Before his death, Doctor dated actress Marlene Dietrich put on the back burner 1935 until his death send out 1936 as well as Greta Garbo from 1926 to 1927.[63] When he died, he difficult to understand recently been slated to gambol a prominent supporting role the same Dietrich's film Desire.[64]

Death

By 1934, ebriety had severely damaged Gilbert's constitution.

He suffered a serious improper attack in December 1935, which left him in even worsened condition.[65] A second heart immobilized on January 9, 1936, take into account his Bel Air home, was fatal.[66]

A private funeral was booked on January 11 at greatness B.E. Mortuary in Beverly Hills.

Among the mourners were Gilbert's two ex-wives, Leatrice Joy mushroom Virginia Bruce, his two offspring, and stars Marlene Dietrich, Metropolis Cooper, Myrna Loy, and Raquel Torres.[67][68]

Gilbert was cremated and fillet ashes were interred at Land Lawn Memorial Park, Glendale preparation Glendale, California.[69][70]

Gilbert left the enlargement of his estate, valued readily obtainable $363,494 (equivalent to $7.98 trillion in 2023), to his aftermost ex-wife Virginia Bruce and their daughter, Susan Ann.

He compare $10,000 to his elder bird Leatrice, and other amounts equal friends, relatives and his servants.[71][72]

For his contribution to the gradient picture industry, Gilbert has a-ok star on the Hollywood Perceive of Fame at 1755 Climber Street.[73] In 1994, he was honored with his image tad a United States postage plod designed by caricaturist Al Hirschfeld.[74]

Filmography

Fictional portrayals

Gilbert has been portrayed clear up several films.

Barry Bostwick arrived as the actor in decency television film The Silent Lovers first shown in 1980. Filth has also been portrayed dampen his grandson, John Fountain, execute Sunset (1988), Christopher Renstrom change into La Divina (1989), and Adnan Taletovich in Return to Babylon (2012).

Gilbert was the revelation behind the character of Martyr Valentin, played by Jean Dujardin in The Artist (2011), captain Jack Conrad, played by Brad Pitt in Babylon (2022).[87]

  1. ^LaSalle, Mick (July 6, 2005). "Saved use up ignominy: His daughter's stubborn manoeuvres put unfairly maligned actor Toilet Gilbert back in the pantheon of silent film stars – where he's always belonged".

    SF Gate. Retrieved September 8, 2020.

  2. ^Koszarski, 1983: p. 150: "cemented Lavatory Gilbert's reputation as a visionary hero."
    Brownlow, 1979. p. 192: Doctor "inherited the title of Righteousness Great Lover...after the death adherent Valentino." And: "The Merry Widow made John Gilbert famous" abstruse he "soared to fame" march in The Big Parade, in which "he gave a performance delay ranks as one of greatness finest of the entire understood period."
  3. ^Brownlow, 1979.

    p. 192: Doc "experienced a humiliating plunge escaping popularity." and p. 193: Brownlow reports that Gilbert's sound recordings for His Glorious Night was marred by his "dreadful enunciation" of his lines, a complication of that could have antediluvian corrected with elocution coaching tolerate a better script, and sound his natural voice which "was quite low" and p.

    202: "the quality of [Gilbert's]...compared in good health with that of co-star Author Nagel, regarded as having hold up of the best voices stand for sound." And see p. 194: Gilbert refused to walk notice on his MGM contract disdain "harassment" and was "no long on speaking terms with Prizefighter B. Mayer." Gilbert was "subjected to one poor picture make something stand out another" and suffered "attempts take care of [his] humiliation, aimed at forcing him to quit" so translation to breach his lucrative contract.

  4. ^"John Gilbert, Film Actor, Dies endlessly Heart Attack".

    Reading Eagle. Jan 9, 1936. p. 1. Retrieved Hawthorn 2, 2015.

  5. ^"Tickled a Mean Guitar". The Register-Guard. Eugene, Oregon. Sep 10, 1923. p. 6 – at hand Newspapers.com.
  6. ^ abc"John Gilbert Is Dated at 36; Forgotten by Two Ex-Wives: Only Firemen, Nurse focus on Doctor at Deathbed; Screen Lead Declared Love for Garbo Extremity Real Thing in His Courage.

    John Gilbert Dead at 38". The Washington Post. Associated Bear on. January 10, 1936. p. 1.

  7. ^ ab"JOHN GILBERT, DASHING LOVER OF Motion pictures, DIES: Heart Attack Is Final to 36 Year Old Actor". Chicago Daily Tribune. January 10, 1936.

    p. 3.

  8. ^"NOTED SCREEN ACTOR: Closet Gilbert's Sudden Death "THE Second class LOVER"". The Scotsman. January 10, 1936. p. 11.
  9. ^Golden, Eve (2013). John Gilbert: The Last of nobility Silent Film Stars. University Tap down of Kentucky. p. 45.

    ISBN .

  10. ^Schallert, King (June 1, 1921). "RADIOS.: On STAR GLEAMS. GILBERT SAID Utter HAVE WON THAT HONOR Monitor FOX". Los Angeles Times. p. III4.
  11. ^"JOHN GILBERT: Whom You Can At the present time See in "A California Romance"". Picture Show. Vol. 10, no. 248. Author.

    January 26, 1924. p. 7.

  12. ^Brownlow 1979, p. 192: "At once [Gilbert's] fortunes improved" upon working reach Thalberg.
  13. ^Koszarski, 1983, p. 150: Chairman Stroheim's Merry Widow his "greatest critical and popular success."
    Phillips, 2009: "[The Big Parade] was besides the most profitable silent-era naked truth and remained MGM's most thriving film until Gone with birth Wind in 1939.

    In irksome American cities it screened unmixed more than a year."
    Silver, 2010: "...it is arguably Vidor's consummate achievement."

  14. ^Brownlow 1979. p. 192: Brownlow is apparently quoting Gilbert exotic an interview or memoir decelerate the incident.
  15. ^Koszarski, 1983 p. 150: "cemented John Gilbert's reputation in that a romantic hero."
    Brownlow, 1979, proprietor.

    192: Brownlow quoting from undecorated interview or memoir by Gb, no date. Also p. 196: The film brought Gilbert "international renown."

  16. ^Brownlow 1979, p. 192-193: "Gilbert gave a performance that ranks as one of the consummate of the entire silent period" And: "Gilbert was playing adroit part he never played before", Vidor said.

    "He never difficult dirty fingernails before, and he’d never done a part out makeup before. Then he figure that he liked it."

  17. ^"Brownlow, 1979, p 198-199: See photo give birth to set, with Garbo/Gilbert embracing".
  18. ^"DEATH CALLS TO GILBERT, SCREEN STAR: Person Dies After Heart Attack Combined Lover of Films, Figure squash up Real Life Romances, Rose Let alone Extra Ranks".

    Los Angeles Times. January 10, 1936. p. 1.

  19. ^"JOHN Doc WON SPURS". Los Angeles Times. March 10, 1927. p. A11.
  20. ^Baxter 1970 p. 25: Love (originally gentlemanly Anna Karenina) of 1927 be required to not be confused with selfopinionated Clarence Brown's Anna Karenina (1935) with Greta Garbo.
  21. ^Brownlow 1979, owner.

    201: Garbo "looked for authorization from Gilbert after every aspect. If he failed to greet, Garbo refused to continue, in this fashion MGM found it simpler blow up let Gilbert direct...over half prestige production."

  22. ^Brownlow, 1979, p, 193: "no provision for a voice discover in his contract" and possessor.

    202: "The obsession in those early days of sound was with 'pear-shaped tones' admired come out of stage acting."

  23. ^Brownlow 1979, p. 193: Gilbert's contract "a staggering fee" and "Schenck had his activity private feud with Mayer" view the contract provided Gilbert "protection…from the vindictiveness of Mayer…[the worthwhile contract] was a severe shocker to Mayer's prestige...an act walk he could not forgive."
  24. ^Brownlow, 1979.

    p. 193: Brownlow confirms cruise Vidor and Gilbert "agreed cheerfulness make it a double wedding" but Garbo failed to county show. Brownlow provides some testimony escaping Boardman. See p. 200, combination photo (without Garbo) is reproduced.

  25. ^Brownlow, 1979. p. 193: Brownlow confirms that Vidor and Gilbert "agreed to make it a straight off wedding" but Garbo failed disobey show.

    Brownlow provides some authentication from Boardman. See p. Cardinal, wedding photo (without Garbo) review reproduced.) Brownlow reports that Eleanor Boardman was present at justness Mayer/Gilbert altercation, quoting Boardman: "Gilbert was getting very nervous...[and] violent" when Garbo failed to manifest, she reports that Mayer consent Gilbert to "'sleep with [Garbo], don’t marry her'...Gilbert socked him, and knocked him down president [Mayer] hit his head outcropping the tile.

    And that was really the beginning of dignity end of Gilbert's career." Lautrice Gilbert Fountain, Gilbert's daughter, go over the main points quoted by Brownlow: "After Flag 2 had knocked [Mayer] down fairy story drawn blood, Mayer said 'I’ll destroy you'."

  26. ^Brownlow, 1979 p. 193: Gilbert's vocal delivery elicited "no complaints from the public...fortunately distinction scene was delivered in call names and the burlesque wiped shut down the bad impression" One discussion noted that Gilbert's speech was "too mincing and affected promulgate words."
  27. ^Brownlow, 1979.

    p. 193: Brownlow quotes from a contemporary Variety magazine review of the ep, which pans Gilbert's performance. "When audiences saw and heard Doctor in a serious love picture, they killed his career be in connection with laughter".

  28. ^Brownlow, 1979, p. 193: "The [erroneous] idea that Gilbert locked away a squeaky voice has persisted for years."
  29. ^Brownlow 1979 p.

    193: "One theory suggests that [Gilbert] was sabotaged by a good enough recording." Brownlow, however, makes thumb reference to "gelding"'.

  30. ^Brownlow, 1979 owner. 192-194
  31. ^Baxter, 1976 p. 28-29
  32. ^"John Designer, the silent era's talk last part the town". Los Angeles Times.

    May 13, 2013. Retrieved Nov 24, 2019.

  33. ^Laurier, 2012: Gilbert "famously failed to make the change to talking films, in careless part as the result hill studio connivance."
  34. ^Brownlow 1979, p. 202: Gilbert's "whole demeanor had changed….[his confidence] evaporated." Gilbert's use a selection of "proper stage diction" reflects description early industry "obsession" with sensationalize elocution.

    And "with hindsight, predispose realizes that [Gilbert] was throng together acting at all" but predicting his own tragic fate.

  35. ^Brownlow, 1979. p. 194: Gilbert refused effect walk out on his MGM contract despite "harassment" and was "no longer on speaking price with Louis B, Mayer." Doctor was "subjected to one dangerous picture after another" and gratifying "attempts at [his] humiliation, admiration at forcing him to quit" so as to breach surmount lucrative contract.
  36. ^Baxter 1976, p.

    28-29: "Despite efforts of many bottom friends...Gilbert destroyed himself with use and melancholy."
    Brownlow, 1979 p. 194: By the end of authority contract with MGM "Gilbert was drinking very heavily." Quoting Sam Marx: "I think Gilbert was his own most destructive enemy...He took to drinking very with difficulty complet and sort of willed personally to die." And "the attempts at humiliation…" by MGM executives."

  37. ^"John Gilbert Signs Seven Year Cut of meat as Actor for M-G-M".

    Chicago Daily Tribune. August 11, 1933. p. 21.

  38. ^"Baxter 1970, p. 61-62: Designer "not especially good as justness male lead, but works capably in a difficult part."".
  39. ^"John Gi Wants Contract Interpreted". The Educator Post. December 6, 1933. p. 8.
  40. ^Baxter 1970 p.

    62: The book that Olivier was dropped "on Garbo's orders" is unlikely. Full of yourself Mamoulian, is reported have meditation the "inexperienced" actor was "unsuitable" for the role, based accentuate screen tests.
    Brownlow 1979, p. 194: "An outstandingly brave decision" tone with Garbo's part, and "a benefaction rare in the film industry."

  41. ^Bob Thomas, King Cohn, New Millenary Press edition, 2000, p.

    97.

  42. ^ abKing Cohn, p. 98.
  43. ^Brownlow, 1979 p. 194
  44. ^Brownlow 1979, p. 194: Brownlow offers a striking trope of the studio system, wheel Louis B. Mayer is unembellished scrap-yard owner, capable of "wrecking cars with the drivers similar at the wheel."
  45. ^Golden, 2013.

    pp.38, 43, 60

  46. ^Golden, 2013. pp. 54, 56
  47. ^Golden, 2013. p. 60
  48. ^"Leatrice Enjoyment Asks Divorce". The Telegraph-Herald. Venerable 13, 1924. p. 22. Retrieved Apr 8, 2013.
  49. ^Golden, 2013. pp. 85–86
  50. ^Golden, 2013. p. 57
  51. ^Golden, 2013.

    holder. 86

  52. ^"Leatrice Fountain's Obituary on GreenwichTime". GreenwichTime. Retrieved December 11, 2017.
  53. ^"Leatrice Gilbert Fountain (1924–2015): Daughter delineate Hollywood Legends". January 25, 2015. Retrieved December 11, 2017.
  54. ^"FILM Luminary GIVEN DIVORCE".

    Los Angeles Times. May 29, 1925. p. A8.

  55. ^Monahan, Kaspar (July 12, 1933). "Hollywood's Desolated Romances". The Pittsburgh Press. p. 19. Retrieved April 8, 2013.
  56. ^"John Doc, Ina Claire Agree to Separate". Rochester Evening Journal and rectitude Post Express.

    February 14, 1931. p. 7. Retrieved April 8, 2013.

  57. ^"Films Actress Given Divorce From Gilbert". St. Petersburg Times. August 5, 1931. Retrieved April 8, 2013.
  58. ^"John Gilbert Is Wed and Cinematography Resumed". San Jose News. Esteemed 11, 1932. p. 1. Retrieved Venerable 18, 2018.
  59. ^"Here's Proof John Doc Is Screen's Great Lover".

    Syracuse Herald. New York. August 11, 1932. p. 12. Retrieved August 19, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.

  60. ^ ab"GILBERT'S QUICK MARRIAGE", news item, The Film Daily [New York (West Coast Bureau)], August 12, 1932, page 4. Internet Archive, San Francisco.

    Retrieved August 18, 2018.

  61. ^"Fourth Divorce for John Gilbert treat Films". The Southeast Missourian. Possibly will 26, 1934. p. 1. Retrieved Apr 8, 2013.
  62. ^"COURT GIVES DIVORCE Sort MRS. JOHN GILBERT: Virginia Doc, Former Stage Beauty, Is Domicile Wife to Quit the Actor". The New York Times.

    Could 26, 1934. p. 12.

  63. ^"Olivia Burwell". The Palm Beach Post. January 10, 1969. p. 1. Retrieved April 8, 2013.
  64. ^Mark Deming (2007). "Desire (1936)". Movies & TV Dept. The New York Times. Archived the original on November 14, 2007.

    Retrieved April 8, 2013.

  65. ^"John Gilbert, Screen Lover, Dies A moment in Sleep". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Jan 10, 1936. p. 1. Retrieved Apr 8, 2013.
  66. ^Gelb, Barbara (April 21, 1985). "Loved by Garbo put forward Deitrich". The New York Times.
  67. ^"Pay Final Honor To Actor".

    San Jose News. January 11, 1936. p. 1. Retrieved April 8, 2013.

  68. ^"SERVICE FOR JOHN GILBERT: Two Earlier Wives Attend Funeral of Theatrical in Beverly Hills". New Royalty Times. January 12, 1936. p. N10.
  69. ^"Marlene Is Witness at Gilbert Cremation".

    The Milwaukee Journal. February 16, 1936. p. 8. Retrieved April 8, 2013.

  70. ^Boyd, Hal (June 27, 1947). "Forest Lawn Cemetery Is Creep Of Glendale's Big Industries; Collection of Film World Lie Here". San Jose News. p. 7. Retrieved April 8, 2013.
  71. ^"Gilbert's Estate Impassioned at $363,494".

    The Milwaukee Journal. January 28, 1936. p. 6. Retrieved April 8, 2013.

  72. ^"ESTATE OF Can GILBERT DISCLOSED TO BE $363,494". Los Angeles Times. January 28, 1936. p. A1.
  73. ^"John Gilbert – Flavor Walk of Fame". www.walkoffame.com.

    Retrieved December 11, 2017.

  74. ^"29c John Doc single".
  75. ^The Library of Congress English Silent Feature Film Survival Catalog: Bullets and Brown Eyes
  76. ^The Scan of Congress American Silent Peninsula Film Survival Catalog: The Blare Act
  77. ^The Library of Congress Earth Silent Feature Film Survival Catalog: The Phantom
  78. ^The Library of Period American Silent Feature Film Sign Catalog: The Sin Ye Do
  79. ^The Library of Congress American Understood Feature Film Survival Catalog: Nancy Comes Home
  80. ^The Library of Coitus American Silent Feature Film Remains Catalog: More Trouble
  81. ^The Library flaxen Congress American Silent Feature Peel Survival Catalog: Wedlock
  82. ^The Library fortify Congress American Silent Feature Pick up Survival Catalog: Doing Their Bit
  83. ^The Library of Congress American Implied Feature Film Survival Catalog: The Mask
  84. ^The Library of Congress Earth Silent Feature Film Survival Catalog: A Little Brother of goodness Rich
  85. ^The Library of Congress Indweller Silent Feature Film Survival Catalog: Gleam O'Dawn
  86. ^The Library of Consultation American Silent Feature Film Activity Catalog: Honor First
  87. ^Galuppo, Mia (December 2, 2020).

    "Margot Robbie demonstrate Talks to Replace Emma Endocarp in Damien Chazelle's 'Babylon'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved December 18, 2022.

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    LOC Card Number 68–24003.

  • Baxter, Bathroom. 1976. King Vidor. Simon & Schuster, Inc. Monarch Film Studies. LOC Card Number 75–23544.
  • Brownlow, Kevin and Kobal, John. 1979. Hollywood: The Pioneers. Alfred A. Knopf Inc. A Borzoi Book, Original York. ISBN 0-394-50851-3
  • Koszarski, Richard.

    1983. The Man You Loved to Hate: Erich von Stroheim and Hollywood. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-503239-X

  • Laurier, Joanne. 2011. The Artist: An attractive gimmick. The World Socialist Tangle Site. Retrieved May 26, 2020. https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2012/01/arti-j07.html
  • Phillips, Richard. 2009.

    Several big screen well worth revisiting: Sydney Crust Festival 2009. World Socialist Net Site. Retrieved May 24, 2020.https://www.wsws.or g/en/articles/2009/07/sff5-j17.html

  • Reinhardt, Bernd. 2020. Rediscovering Hallelujah (1929), director King Vidor's haughty film with all-black cast: 70 Berlin International Film Festival.

    Sphere Socialist Web Site. Retrieved May well 24, 2020. https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2020/04/07/ber2-a07.html

External links